Pathology

Neoplasia and Cancer Biology Practice Questions

20 free Neoplasia and Cancer Biology practice questions for the USMLE Step 1, each with the correct answer and a detailed explanation. Open any question below, or take the full set as an interactive quiz.

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All Neoplasia and Cancer Biology questions

20 questions
  1. Q1. What is the defining feature that distinguishes a neoplasm from normal hyperplasia or metaplasia?
  2. Q2. Which of the following best differentiates benign tumors from malignant neoplasms on gross and microscopic pathology?
  3. Q3. Which statement about the genetic basis of cancer is most accurate?
  4. Q4. An activating point mutation in a proto-oncogene converts it into an oncogene. What is the usual effect of this change?
  5. Q5. Which hallmark of cancer reflects a tumor’s ability to stimulate formation of blood vessels to support its growth?
  6. Q6. Which of the following features is characteristic of anaplasia in malignant tumors?
  7. Q7. Which process describes the clonal evolution of neoplastic cells accumulating further mutations over time?
  8. Q8. Which of the following cell-intrinsic capabilities is NOT among the classical hallmarks of cancer as per Hanahan & Weinberg’s original model?
  9. Q9. The transition from a pre-malignant lesion to invasive cancer typically requires which additional capability acquired by tumor cells?
  10. Q10. Which classification system describes the extent of spread of a malignant tumor including size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis?
  11. Q11. Which of the following best describes a tumor suppressor gene’s normal function in non-neoplastic cells?
  12. Q12. Which phenomenon describes neoplastic cells acquiring the ability to divide indefinitely, avoiding normal replicative senescence?
  13. Q13. Which structural gene mutation is more likely to be inherited in familial cancer syndromes: an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene, and why?
  14. Q14. Why are malignant neoplasms often genetically heterogeneous within the same tumor mass?
  15. Q15. Which of the following best explains how epigenetic changes (non-mutational) can contribute to cancer development?
  16. Q16. Which of the following is a major reason that metastasis is characteristic of malignant but not benign tumors?
  17. Q17. Which term best describes a neoplasm made of cells that resemble the normal tissue of origin and grow slowly, with minimal tendency to invade or metastasize?
  18. Q18. Which of these factors contributes to the genomic instability that facilitates cancer development?
  19. Q19. In histopathological grading of tumors, what does a high-grade tumor generally imply compared to a low-grade tumor?
  20. Q20. Which of the following is most likely to be a paraneoplastic syndrome rather than a direct effect of tumor mass or metastasis?