Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Practice Questions

20 free Gene Regulation and Epigenetics practice questions for the USMLE Step 1, each with the correct answer and a detailed explanation. Open any question below, or take the full set as an interactive quiz.

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All Gene Regulation and Epigenetics questions

20 questions
  1. Q1. What is the definition of “epigenetics” in the context of gene regulation?
  2. Q2. Which chemical modification of DNA is most commonly involved in gene silencing when present in promoter CpG islands?
  3. Q3. Which family of enzymes is directly responsible for adding methyl groups to DNA during establishment of DNA methylation patterns?
  4. Q4. Which of the following histone modifications is generally associated with opening chromatin and activating transcription?
  5. Q5. Which histone modification is often correlated with transcriptional repression and formation of heterochromatin?
  6. Q6. Which non–DNA-altering mechanism can regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally in epigenetic control?
  7. Q7. Which statement best describes how epigenetic modifications influence chromatin structure and gene expression?
  8. Q8. Which of the following processes is an example of epigenetic regulation in mammals?
  9. Q9. What is the likely effect of hypermethylation of a tumor suppressor gene promoter in a cancer cell?
  10. Q10. Which enzyme type removes acetyl groups from histone tails, leading to chromatin compaction and gene repression?
  11. Q11. What is chromatin remodeling and why is it important in gene regulation?
  12. Q12. Which of the following statements about histone “code” is most accurate?
  13. Q13. During differentiation of stem cells into a specific tissue type, epigenetic regulation is critical mainly because:
  14. Q14. Which of the following can be considered an epigenetic mechanism that may be influenced by environmental factors such as diet or toxins?
  15. Q15. Which epigenetic mechanism is often reversible and thus a potential target for therapeutic intervention (e.g. in cancer)?
  16. Q16. In X-chromosome inactivation in females, which epigenetic mechanism plays a central role in silencing one X chromosome?
  17. Q17. Which of the following describes “genomic imprinting” correctly?
  18. Q18. Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA methylation and histone modifications in establishing stable gene silencing?
  19. Q19. Which epigenetic mark would you expect at the promoter region of an actively transcribed housekeeping gene?
  20. Q20. Which statement correctly describes non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in epigenetic regulation?