Gene Regulation and Epigenetics · USMLE Step 1

What is chromatin remodeling and why is it important in gene regulation?

  1. Changing the DNA base sequence in order to activate genes
  2. ATP-dependent repositioning of nucleosomes to change DNA access
  3. Deleting stretches of non-coding DNA to shorten chromosomes
  4. Repeated replication of the histone protein genes themselves
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Correct answer: ATP-dependent repositioning of nucleosomes to change DNA access

Chromatin remodeling is the ATP-dependent movement or restructuring of nucleosomes to open or close chromatin regions, controlling access of the transcription machinery to DNA, a central epigenetic mechanism.

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