Cell injury and death Practice Questions
20 free Cell injury and death practice questions for the USMLE Step 1, each with the correct answer and a detailed explanation. Open any question below, or take the full set as an interactive quiz.
Questions
20 questions
All Cell injury and death questions
- Q1. A patient suffers from prolonged ischemia to the heart leading to irreversible injury. Which of the following is the earliest sign of irreversible cell injury?
- Q2. A biopsy shows eosinophilic cytoplasm and pyknosis. These findings are characteristic of which process?
- Q3. A child ingests acetaminophen in toxic amounts, leading to centrilobular liver necrosis. Which mechanism underlies this injury?
- Q4. An elderly man with chronic hypertension develops enlargement of the individual cardiac muscle cells. This is an example of:
- Q5. A smoker develops squamous metaplasia in the bronchial epithelium. Which statement is true?
- Q6. A patient exposed to ionizing radiation shows DNA fragmentation. Which process is most characteristic?
- Q7. A patient with pancreatitis shows chalky white deposits in the abdominal cavity. What process explains this finding?
- Q8. Atherosclerotic plaques rupture due to cellular injury from oxidized LDL. What type of cellular accumulation is present?
- Q9. A patient has dystrophic calcification in an area of caseous necrosis. What serum calcium level is expected?
- Q10. A patient undergoing apoptosis displays cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and intact membranes. Which enzyme family mediates this?
- Q11. A man with chronic passive congestion of the liver develops hemosiderin-laden macrophages. What pigment is responsible?
- Q12. A patient with hypoxic injury shows cellular swelling. What is the primary cause of this change?
- Q13. A man with tuberculosis has granulomas with caseous necrosis. Which characteristic describes this necrosis?
- Q14. A patient with autoimmune vasculitis shows fibrinoid necrosis in the vessel walls. What causes this appearance?
- Q15. Cells undergoing apoptosis release cytochrome c. Which cellular structure releases it?
- Q16. A patient with severe ischemia to the brain develops liquefactive necrosis. What causes this pattern?
- Q17. A patient with chronic inflammation demonstrates lipofuscin accumulation. What does this pigment represent?
- Q18. A patient exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) develops hepatocyte swelling. What mechanism explains this?
- Q19. Cells undergoing necrosis release inflammatory signals. Which feature distinguishes necrosis from apoptosis?
- Q20. A patient with reperfusion injury shows increased free radical production. Which enzyme system contributes to this?