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Microbiology and Immunology

Viruses: Life Cycle and Disease Practice Questions

20 free Viruses: Life Cycle and Disease practice questions for the USMLE Step 1, each with the correct answer and a detailed explanation. Open any question below, or take the full set as an interactive quiz.

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All Viruses: Life Cycle and Disease questions

20 questions
  1. Q1. A patient develops fever and rash after a trip to the Caribbean. RT-PCR confirms dengue virus. Which viral family does dengue belong to?
  2. Q2. HIV requires which enzyme to convert viral RNA into DNA?
  3. Q3. A patient with a history of bone marrow transplant develops pneumonia from CMV reactivation. What type of virus is CMV?
  4. Q4. Influenza virus requires which process to produce infectious progeny due to its segmented genome?
  5. Q5. A patient develops muscle paralysis due to poliovirus. Which receptor does poliovirus use for entry?
  6. Q6. A man develops jaundice and dark urine 6 months after acute viral hepatitis. Which hepatitis virus is most likely to cause chronic infection?
  7. Q7. A patient with parotitis also develops orchitis. Which virus is most likely responsible?
  8. Q8. A patient with rabies shows eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in neurons. What are these inclusions called?
  9. Q9. A patient infected with HPV-16 develops cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Which viral proteins inactivate tumor suppressors?
  10. Q10. Rotavirus infection causes severe diarrhea by which mechanism?
  11. Q11. Herpes simplex virus remains latent in which location?
  12. Q12. A man develops severe watery diarrhea after a cruise. Stool PCR detects Norovirus. What is the genome of this virus?
  13. Q13. A patient with roseola (HHV-6) presents with high fever followed by a rash. Which cells does the virus primarily infect?
  14. Q14. A man returns from Africa with hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus. To which viral family does Ebola belong?
  15. Q15. A newborn exposed to rubella in utero develops congenital cataracts. What property of rubella enables transplacental infection?
  16. Q16. A patient with hepatitis B shows ground-glass hepatocytes. Which component of HBV accumulates in hepatocytes?
  17. Q17. A patient with vesicular rash on the trunk is diagnosed with varicella-zoster virus. Where does VZV establish latency?
  18. Q18. A patient with viral meningitis is found to have an enterovirus infection. Which virus is most likely responsible?
  19. Q19. A patient with hepatitis D infection becomes severely ill after acquiring HBV simultaneously. What term describes this situation?
  20. Q20. An infant with laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) presents with a barking cough and inspiratory stridor. Which virus is the most likely cause?