Molecular diagnostics · USMLE Step 1

What is the primary purpose of molecular diagnostics in oncology (cancer care)?

  1. To measure serum electrolyte concentrations
  2. To find mutations or rearrangements guiding targeted therapy
  3. To directly visualize the tumor under microscopy
  4. To perform immunohistochemical protein staining only
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Correct answer: To find mutations or rearrangements guiding targeted therapy

Molecular diagnostics in oncology aims to detect specific genetic mutations, copy-number changes, or gene rearrangements in tumors — information that can guide targeted therapies, prognosis, and personalized treatment plans.

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