Systemic Pathology by Organ · USMLE Step 1

Which kidney lesion is most likely to result from prolonged hypertension and lead to bilateral small kidneys with scarring?

  1. Acute tubular necrosis
  2. Chronic pyelonephritis
  3. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis
  4. Minimal change disease
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Correct answer: Hypertensive nephrosclerosis

Chronic hypertension over time causes nephrosclerosis — hyaline arteriosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis — resulting in small, shrunken kidneys with reduced function. (Renal pathology basics)

Difficulty: Medium Question 10 of 19

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