What is the primary mechanism by which the p53 protein prevents carcinogenesis following DNA damage?
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Correct answer: It induces cell cycle arrest at G1/S via p21 and promotes DNA repair or apoptosis
Known as the 'Guardian of the Genome,' p53 senses DNA damage and upregulates p21 to stall the cell cycle. This allows time for repair; if repair fails, p53 triggers senescence or apoptosis via BAX.
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