End-Organ Damage Mechanisms · USMLE Step 1

Diabetic microvascular disease in organs such as kidney and retina is largely mediated by which pathological processes?

  1. Direct viral cytopathic destruction of organ cells
  2. Immune complex deposition within vessel walls
  3. Endothelial dysfunction and capillary basement membrane thickening
  4. Amyloid protein deposition within the tissues
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Correct answer: Endothelial dysfunction and capillary basement membrane thickening

Hyperglycemia in diabetes causes endothelial dysfunction, thickening of the capillary basement membrane and microthrombi formation — leading to microvascular complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy.

Difficulty: Medium Question 6 of 20

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