Gene therapy basics · USMLE Step 1

Why is tissue-specific targeting an important consideration when designing gene therapy vectors?

  1. To ensure the vector infects only bacteria, not human cells
  2. To maximize therapeutic expression in target cells, sparing others
  3. Because vectors can only survive within the target tissue
  4. Because non-target tissues contain no DNA to modify
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Correct answer: To maximize therapeutic expression in target cells, sparing others

Tissue-specific targeting delivers the therapeutic gene mainly to diseased cells, raising efficacy and reducing off-target toxicity in other tissues. Vector tropism and promoter choice are key to achieving this specificity.

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