DNA Structure and Replication · USMLE Step 1

Why must DNA replication be initiated with a primer rather than directly by DNA polymerase?

  1. Leading strand runs 3′→5′ while the lagging strand runs 5′→3′
  2. Leading strand is continuous; lagging strand is made in Okazaki fragments
  3. The lagging strand is built from RNA while the leading strand is DNA
  4. The lagging strand, unlike the leading strand, needs no ligase
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Correct answer: Leading strand is continuous; lagging strand is made in Okazaki fragments

DNA polymerases require a free 3′-OH group to add new nucleotides, so an RNA primer (made by primase) provides this starting point before DNA synthesis can proceed.

Difficulty: Medium Question 3 of 20

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