Matthew Arnold · English Literature

In 'Dover Beach', what does the 'Sea of Faith' represent in the context of the Victorian era?

  1. The rising tide of democratic political reforms
  2. A once-universal religious certainty now retreating
  3. The expanding reach of the British Empire abroad
  4. The turbulent and unstable emotions of romantic love
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Correct answer: A once-universal religious certainty now retreating

The 'Sea of Faith' represents the once-stable and universal religious conviction that Arnold felt was retreating due to the rise of Darwinism and higher criticism. Its withdrawal leaves the world in a state of spiritual nakedness and confusion.

Difficulty: Medium Question 2 of 20

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