Respiratory Mechanics and Gas Exchange · USMLE Step 1

During normal quiet breathing, which pressure gradient primarily drives air into the lungs during inspiration?

  1. Atmospheric pressure (Patm) lower than intrapleural pressure (Pip)
  2. Intrapleural pressure (Pip) more negative than alveolar pressure (Palv)
  3. Alveolar pressure (Palv) higher than atmospheric pressure (Patm)
  4. Intrapulmonary pressure equal to atmospheric pressure
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: Intrapleural pressure (Pip) more negative than alveolar pressure (Palv)

During inspiration, the intrapleural (pleural cavity) pressure becomes more negative, pulling the lungs outward; this lowers alveolar pressure below atmospheric, so air flows in down the pressure gradient.

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