Mitochondrial inheritance · USMLE Step 1

Why do mitochondrial diseases often affect tissues with high energy demand (like brain and muscle)?

  1. Because mtDNA is expressed only within those particular tissues
  2. Because these tissues depend heavily on mitochondrial ATP production
  3. Because nuclear DNA compensates fully in low-energy tissues
  4. Because mitochondria are entirely absent from other tissues
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Correct answer: Because these tissues depend heavily on mitochondrial ATP production

Tissues that demand a lot of energy rely on mitochondria for ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. When mtDNA mutations impair mitochondrial function, high-energy tissues like brain and muscle are most vulnerable.

Difficulty: Medium Question 6 of 19

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