Esophageal Disorders · Pathology

Which risk factor is strongly associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?

  1. Obesity
  2. Chronic GERD
  3. Smoking and alcohol use
  4. H. pylori infection
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: Smoking and alcohol use

Smoking and alcohol use are major risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. They cause chronic mucosal irritation and increase carcinogenic exposure.

Difficulty: Medium Question 18 of 20

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