Thyroid Disorders · Pathology

Which of the following describes the pathogenesis of the ophthalmopathy seen in Graves disease?

  1. Direct infection of the orbital muscles by a virus
  2. Accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and inflammation in retro-orbital tissues
  3. Excessive sympathetic stimulation of the levator palpebrae superioris
  4. Metastasis of thyroid cells to the orbit
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: Accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and inflammation in retro-orbital tissues

Graves ophthalmopathy results from the activation of fibroblasts in the retro-orbital space by T-cells and antibodies. This leads to the accumulation of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans (like hyaluronic acid), causing edema and muscle swelling.

Difficulty: Medium Question 13 of 20

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