Which of the following describes the pathogenesis of the ophthalmopathy seen in Graves disease?
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Correct answer: Accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and inflammation in retro-orbital tissues
Graves ophthalmopathy results from the activation of fibroblasts in the retro-orbital space by T-cells and antibodies. This leads to the accumulation of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans (like hyaluronic acid), causing edema and muscle swelling.
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