Discourse Analysis · English Literature

In the context of textuality and discourse structure, what is the primary difference between 'cohesion' and 'coherence'?

  1. Cohesion is the surface grammatical and lexical ties; coherence is the underlying meaning
  2. Cohesion applies only to spoken dialogue; coherence only to written essays
  3. Cohesion is an author's ideological bias; coherence is paragraph length
  4. Cohesion is a top-down process; coherence a bottom-up syntactic arrangement
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Correct answer: Cohesion is the surface grammatical and lexical ties; coherence is the underlying meaning

Cohesion involves the overt linguistic markers (such as pronouns, conjunctions, and ellipsis) that tie sentences together structurally. Coherence, by contrast, is the mental framework that allows a reader to perceive the text as unified and logically meaningful based on real-world knowledge. A text can be cohesive but completely lack coherence if the ideas do not make logical sense together.

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