Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates · Zoology

Reducing sugars are characterized by the presence of:

  1. A free aldehyde or ketone group
  2. Nitrogen-containing ring structures
  3. Ether-linked phosphate groups
  4. Only free glycosidic bonds
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Correct answer: A free aldehyde or ketone group

Reducing sugars possess a free anomeric carbon that carries an aldehyde (aldoses) or can open to reveal a ketone (ketoses), enabling them to donate electrons in redox reactions. Common reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, and lactose. Sucrose is a notable non-reducing sugar because both anomeric carbons are locked in the glycosidic bond.

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