Mesopotamian Civilization · World History

What led to the eventual decline of Sumerian agriculture and the shift of power northward to Babylon?

  1. Persistent volcanic eruptions
  2. Soil salinization from prolonged irrigation
  3. A sudden change in the Earth's orbit
  4. The complete drying up of the Euphrates River
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Correct answer: Soil salinization from prolonged irrigation

Heavy irrigation in a hot climate led to the buildup of mineral salts in the soil (salinization), which eventually lowered crop yields, especially wheat. This ecological decline weakened Sumerian city-states, allowing northern groups like the Babylonians to rise to prominence.

Difficulty: Medium Question 18 of 20

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