End-Organ Damage Mechanisms · USMLE Step 1

Which mechanism describes how chronic lung injury (e.g., from smoking) can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and chronic organ damage instead of regeneration?

  1. Ongoing epithelial injury driving inflammation and fibroblast-mediated ECM deposition
  2. Acute infection triggering necrosis alone
  3. Selective death of only airway smooth muscle
  4. Full regeneration of normal alveolar architecture
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: Ongoing epithelial injury driving inflammation and fibroblast-mediated ECM deposition

Chronic injury to lung epithelium triggers persistent inflammation and activation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, resulting in excessive extracellular matrix deposition (fibrosis) and compromised lung function.

Difficulty: Medium Question 20 of 20

Practice all 20 End-Organ Damage Mechanisms questions

Keep practicing

More End-Organ Damage Mechanisms questions