Histopathology basics · USMLE Step 1

Which of the following best describes the significance of cellular differentiation when assessing neoplasms under the microscope?

  1. Well-differentiated tumors are less aggressive, while poorly differentiated ones show more atypia and aggression
  2. Differentiation refers only to the total number of mitoses present
  3. Poorly differentiated tumors are always benign and indolent
  4. The degree of differentiation carries no prognostic relevance whatsoever
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Correct answer: Well-differentiated tumors are less aggressive, while poorly differentiated ones show more atypia and aggression

Differentiation reflects how much tumor cells resemble their normal tissue of origin; well-differentiated tumors tend to grow slower and be less aggressive, whereas poorly differentiated tumors often exhibit marked atypia, aggressive behavior, and worse prognosis.

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