What is the underlying cause of an Arthus reaction, which can occasionally manifest as severe localized pain and swelling at a booster injection site?
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Correct answer: A Type III hypersensitivity reaction from local antigen-antibody immune complexes
An Arthus reaction is a localized Type III hypersensitivity reaction that can occur when an individual with high levels of pre-existing circulating IgG antibodies receives a booster dose. The injected antigen quickly complexes with the concentrated local antibodies, depositing immune complexes in the vessel walls, activating complement pathways, and triggering localized vascular inflammation.
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