Half-Life and Clearance · Pharmacology

What occurs when the plasma concentration of a drug exceeds the $K_m$ (Michaelis constant) of its primary metabolic enzyme?

  1. The rate of metabolism becomes first-order
  2. The rate of metabolism becomes zero-order
  3. The drug is excreted faster by the kidneys
  4. The half-life of the drug decreases
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Correct answer: The rate of metabolism becomes zero-order

When concentration ($C$) is much greater than $K_m$, the enzymes are working at their maximum capacity ($V_{max}$). At this point, the elimination rate is constant (zero-order), and small dose increases can lead to disproportionate rises in plasma levels.

Difficulty: Medium Question 17 of 20

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