What is living? · NCERT Biology

What makes it difficult to define the 'living state' in a coma patient?

  1. Absence of all metabolic activity means no criterion of life is met
  2. Lack of any response to stimuli disqualifies them from being living
  3. Brain death is universally accepted as the legal and biological end of life
  4. Absence of self-consciousness despite ongoing biological processes
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Correct answer: Absence of self-consciousness despite ongoing biological processes

A comatose brain-dead patient retains cellular metabolism supported by machines but has permanently lost self-consciousness. Because metabolism (a key living criterion) persists while consciousness (another key criterion) is absent, placing them strictly in the 'living' or 'non-living' category creates a philosophical and technical challenge.

Difficulty: Medium Question 35 of 38

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