Seed Structure and Germination Practice Questions
20 free Seed Structure and Germination practice questions for the NCERT Biology. Tap an option to answer — you get instant feedback, the correct answer, and a detailed explanation for every question.
Which part of the seed develops into the future plant?
- A Endosperm
- B Seed coat
- C Embryo
- D Hilum
Correct answer: Embryo
The embryo is the young plant present inside the seed. It develops into the root and shoot during germination.
The outer protective covering of a seed is called:
- A Endosperm
- B Cotyledon
- C Hilum
- D Testa
Correct answer: Testa
The testa is the outer seed coat that protects the seed from physical damage and pathogens.
Which structure marks the point of attachment of the seed to the fruit?
- A Micropyle
- B Testa
- C Endosperm
- D Hilum
Correct answer: Hilum
The hilum is a scar on the seed that indicates where it was attached to the fruit.
The micropyle in a seed is important for:
- A Storing food reserves
- B Protection from damage
- C Photosynthesis
- D Water and gas entry
Correct answer: Water and gas entry
The micropyle allows water and oxygen to enter the seed during germination. It is a small pore in the seed coat.
Which type of seed has two cotyledons?
- A Monocot seed
- B Endospermic seed
- C Non-endospermic seed
- D Dicotyledonous seed
Correct answer: Dicotyledonous seed
Dicot seeds have two cotyledons. These cotyledons often store food for the developing embryo.
Which type of seed has one cotyledon?
- A Monocot seed
- B Dicot seed
- C Non-endospermic seed
- D Gymnosperm seed
Correct answer: Monocot seed
Monocot seeds have a single cotyledon called scutellum. It plays a role in nutrient absorption.
In which type of seed is the endosperm completely consumed during development?
- A Non-endospermic seed
- B Endospermic seed
- C Monocotyledonous seed
- D Gymnosperm seed
Correct answer: Non-endospermic seed
In non-endospermic seeds, the endosperm is used up during development. Food is stored in the cotyledons.
Which of the following is an example of an endospermic seed?
- A Pea
- B Bean
- C Maize
- D Lentil
Correct answer: Maize
Maize is an endospermic seed where food is stored in the endosperm. The cotyledon mainly absorbs nutrients.
The embryonic root in a seed is called:
- A Radicle
- B Plumule
- C Cotyledon
- D Endosperm
Correct answer: Radicle
The radicle is the embryonic root. It develops into the primary root during germination.
The embryonic shoot in a seed is called:
- A Plumule
- B Radicle
- C Hilum
- D Testa
Correct answer: Plumule
The plumule is the embryonic shoot. It grows upward to form the stem and leaves.
Which type of germination involves the cotyledons remaining below the soil?
- A Hypogeal germination
- B Epigeal germination
- C Viviparous germination
- D Asexual germination
Correct answer: Hypogeal germination
In hypogeal germination, cotyledons stay below the soil surface. The epicotyl elongates.
Which type of germination involves the cotyledons coming above the soil surface?
- A Epigeal germination
- B Hypogeal germination
- C Vivipary
- D Fragmentation
Correct answer: Epigeal germination
In epigeal germination, the cotyledons are lifted above the soil by elongation of the hypocotyl.
Which part of the seed stores food in dicot seeds?
- A Endosperm
- B Testa
- C Micropyle
- D Cotyledon
Correct answer: Cotyledon
In dicot seeds, food is stored in cotyledons. These provide nourishment during germination.
Which part of a monocot seed absorbs food from the endosperm?
- A Coleoptile
- B Coleorhiza
- C Plumule
- D Scutellum
Correct answer: Scutellum
The scutellum is the single cotyledon in monocots. It absorbs nutrients from the endosperm.
Which structure protects the plumule in monocot seeds?
- A Coleoptile
- B Coleorhiza
- C Testa
- D Hilum
Correct answer: Coleoptile
The coleoptile is a protective sheath covering the plumule. It helps in safe emergence through soil.
Which structure protects the radicle in monocot seeds?
- A Coleoptile
- B Coleorhiza
- C Testa
- D Endosperm
Correct answer: Coleorhiza
The coleorhiza is a protective covering for the radicle. It helps in root emergence during germination.
What is vivipary in plants?
- A A period of seed dormancy
- B Germination of seeds inside the fruit
- C Formation of spores through asexual means
- D Asexual reproduction in plants
Correct answer: Germination of seeds inside the fruit
Vivipary is the germination of seeds while still attached to the parent plant. It is seen in mangroves.
Which condition is essential for seed germination?
- A Light exposure only, without any water
- B Water, oxygen, and suitable temperature
- C High humidity alone, without any oxygen
- D Soil nutrients alone, without any moisture
Correct answer: Water, oxygen, and suitable temperature
Seed germination requires water, oxygen, and appropriate temperature. These conditions activate metabolic processes.
Which part of the seed develops into the shoot system?
- A Radicle
- B Plumule
- C Cotyledon
- D Testa
Correct answer: Plumule
The plumule grows upward to form the shoot system. It develops into stem and leaves.
Which of the following is an example of hypogeal germination?
- A Bean
- B Pea plant
- C Castor
- D Sunflower
Correct answer: Pea plant
Pea shows hypogeal germination where cotyledons remain below the soil. The epicotyl elongates to bring the shoot above ground.