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Morphology of Flowering Plants

Root Types and Modifications Practice Questions

20 free Root Types and Modifications practice questions for the NCERT Biology. Tap an option to answer — you get instant feedback, the correct answer, and a detailed explanation for every question.

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Question 1 of 20 Medium

In dicotyledonous plants, the direct elongation of the radicle leads to the formation of the:

  1. A Secondary root
  2. B Tap root system
  3. C Adventitious root
  4. D Fibrous root

Correct answer: Tap root system

In most dicots, the primary root is the direct elongation of the radicle. This primary root and its lateral branches constitute the tap root system.

Question 2 of 20 Medium

Which of the following plants possesses a fibrous root system where the primary root is short-lived and replaced by a large number of roots?

  1. A Mustard plant
  2. B Wheat plant
  3. C Banyan tree
  4. D Monstera plant

Correct answer: Wheat plant

In monocotyledonous plants like wheat, the primary root is short-lived. It is replaced by a large number of roots that originate from the base of the stem, forming the fibrous root system.

Question 3 of 20 Medium

Roots that arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle are called:

  1. A Primary tap roots
  2. B Lateral branch roots
  3. C Adventitious roots
  4. D Secondary seminal roots

Correct answer: Adventitious roots

Adventitious roots develop from any part of the plant other than the radicle, such as the stem or leaves. Examples include grass, Monstera, and the Banyan tree.

Question 4 of 20 Medium

The root is covered at the apex by a thimble-like structure called the:

  1. A Root hair zone
  2. B Root cap layer
  3. C Region of meristematic activity
  4. D Region of elongation

Correct answer: Root cap layer

The root cap protects the tender apex of the root as it makes its way through the soil. It is a thimble-like structure situated at the very tip.

Question 5 of 20 Medium

Which region of the root is responsible for the growth of the root in length?

  1. A Region of maturation
  2. B Region of meristematic activity
  3. C Region of elongation
  4. D Root cap

Correct answer: Region of elongation

The cells in the region of elongation undergo rapid enlargement and differentiation. This process is primarily responsible for the increase in the length of the root.

Question 6 of 20 Medium

Root hairs, which absorb water and minerals from the soil, arise from which region?

  1. A Region of elongation
  2. B Region of maturation
  3. C Region of meristematic activity
  4. D Root cap

Correct answer: Region of maturation

In the region of maturation, some of the epidermal cells form very fine and delicate, thread-like structures called root hairs. These increase the surface area for absorption.

Question 7 of 20 Medium

Pneumatophores are specialized roots found in plants growing in swampy areas like Rhizophora. Their primary function is:

  1. A Storage of food reserves
  2. B Providing mechanical support to stem
  3. C Absorption of soil water
  4. D Obtaining oxygen for respiration

Correct answer: Obtaining oxygen for respiration

In swampy areas, oxygen is scarce in the soil. Pneumatophores grow vertically upwards (negatively geotropic) to help the plant obtain oxygen for respiration.

Question 8 of 20 Medium

The hanging structures that support a Banyan tree are examples of:

  1. A Stilt roots
  2. B Prop roots
  3. C Pneumatophores
  4. D Tap roots

Correct answer: Prop roots

Prop roots are a type of adventitious root modification for support. They grow downwards from the heavy horizontal branches of the Banyan tree to the soil.

Question 9 of 20 Medium

Stilt roots, which arise from the lower nodes of the stem to provide support, are found in:

  1. A Maize and Sugarcane
  2. B Banyan and Monstera
  3. C Carrot and Turnip
  4. D Sweet potato and Asparagus

Correct answer: Maize and Sugarcane

In plants like maize and sugarcane, supporting roots come out of the lower nodes of the stem. These are known as stilt roots.

Question 10 of 20 Medium

Which of the following is a modification of adventitious roots for food storage?

  1. A Carrot plant
  2. B Turnip plant
  3. C Sweet potato
  4. D Radish plant

Correct answer: Sweet potato

While carrot and turnip are modifications of tap roots for storage, the sweet potato is an adventitious root that becomes swollen to store food.

Question 11 of 20 Medium

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the functions of the root system:

  1. A Absorption of water and minerals from the soil
  2. B Providing a proper anchorage to the plant parts
  3. C Synthesis of plant growth regulators
  4. D Photosynthesis of organic food nutrients

Correct answer: Photosynthesis of organic food nutrients

Roots typically do not perform photosynthesis. Their main functions include absorption, anchorage, storage of reserve food materials, and synthesis of plant growth regulators (hormones).

Question 12 of 20 Medium

The cells of which region in the root are very small, thin-walled, and have dense protoplasm?

  1. A Region of maturation
  2. B Region of elongation
  3. C Region of meristematic activity
  4. D Protective root cap zone

Correct answer: Region of meristematic activity

The meristematic region consists of cells that divide repeatedly. These cells are characterized by their small size, thin walls, and dense protoplasm to facilitate frequent division.

Question 13 of 20 Medium

Tap roots of which plants get swollen and store food?

  1. A Carrot and Turnip
  2. B Maize and Sugarcane
  3. C Banyan and Grass
  4. D Sweet potato and Monstera

Correct answer: Carrot and Turnip

Carrot, turnip, and radish are examples where the tap root system is modified to store food, becoming fleshy and swollen.

Question 14 of 20 Medium

In the root, the cells that differentiate and mature are located in the:

  1. A Region proximal to the region of elongation
  2. B Region distal to the region of elongation
  3. C Region of meristematic activity near the tip
  4. D Root cap at the very tip of the root

Correct answer: Region proximal to the region of elongation

The region of maturation is located proximal (above/further from the tip) to the region of elongation. Here, cells undergo final differentiation into various tissue types.

Question 15 of 20 Medium

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the root system in Mustard?

  1. A Presence of a primary root
  2. B Presence of lateral roots (secondary and tertiary)
  3. C Roots originate from the radicle
  4. D Roots originate from the base of the stem

Correct answer: Roots originate from the base of the stem

Mustard is a dicot with a tap root system originating from the radicle. Roots originating from the base of the stem describe the fibrous system found in monocots.

Question 16 of 20 Medium

What is the common feature between Prop roots of Banyan and Stilt roots of Sugarcane?

  1. A Both are modified for water and nutrient absorption
  2. B Both are modified for gaseous exchange in the soil
  3. C Both are modified for mechanical support of stems
  4. D Both are modified for storage of food reserves

Correct answer: Both are modified for mechanical support of stems

Both prop roots and stilt roots are adventitious root modifications designed to provide additional mechanical support to the plant.

Question 17 of 20 Medium

A student observes a plant with roots growing out of the ground into the air in a marshy area. This plant is likely:

  1. A Ficus, which grows prop roots from branches
  2. B Rhizophora, which grows in marshy habitats
  3. C Solanum, which grows on dry land habitats
  4. D Pisum, which climbs using leaf tendrils

Correct answer: Rhizophora, which grows in marshy habitats

Rhizophora grows in swampy/marshy saline habitats and produces respiratory roots called pneumatophores that emerge above the water/soil level.

Question 18 of 20 Medium

The primary root and its branches are absent in which type of root system?

  1. A Tap root system with a primary persistent root
  2. B Adventitious root system without a radicle root
  3. C Fibrous root system with many thin fine roots
  4. D Both the fibrous and adventitious root systems

Correct answer: Both the fibrous and adventitious root systems

In the fibrous root system, the primary root is short-lived and replaced by many roots from the stem base. In the adventitious root system, roots arise from parts other than the radicle. Both systems lack a persistent primary root.

Question 19 of 20 Medium

Asparagus is an example of a plant with modified roots for:

  1. A Mechanical support of the plant body
  2. B Gaseous exchange and aerial respiration
  3. C Storage of reserve food in the roots
  4. D Providing buoyancy in aquatic conditions

Correct answer: Storage of reserve food in the roots

Asparagus, along with sweet potato, has adventitious roots that are modified for the storage of food.

Question 20 of 20 Medium

The correctly sequenced regions of the root from the tip upwards are:

  1. A Root cap -> Elongation -> Meristematic -> Maturation
  2. B Root cap -> Meristematic -> Elongation -> Maturation
  3. C Maturation -> Elongation -> Meristematic -> Root cap
  4. D Meristematic -> Root cap -> Elongation -> Maturation

Correct answer: Root cap -> Meristematic -> Elongation -> Maturation

Starting from the tip, the order is the root cap, followed by the region of meristematic activity, then the region of elongation, and finally the region of maturation.

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