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Emergency Provisions

Grounds of Emergency Practice Questions

20 free Grounds of Emergency practice questions for the Indian Polity. Tap an option to answer — you get instant feedback, the correct answer, and a detailed explanation for every question.

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Question 1 of 20 Medium

Under which Article of the Indian Constitution can the President proclaim a National Emergency?

  1. A Article 352
  2. B Article 356
  3. C Article 360
  4. D Article 358

Correct answer: Article 352

Article 352 empowers the President to declare a National Emergency when the security of India or a part of it is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.

Question 2 of 20 Medium

Which of the following was replaced by the term 'Armed Rebellion' in Article 352 by the 44th Amendment Act?

  1. A External Aggression
  2. B Civil War
  3. C Political Instability
  4. D Internal Disturbance

Correct answer: Internal Disturbance

The 44th Amendment Act (1978) substituted 'internal disturbance' with 'armed rebellion' because the former was considered too vague and capable of being misused for political reasons.

Question 3 of 20 Medium

A proclamation of National Emergency can be issued by the President only after receiving a written recommendation from whom?

  1. A The Prime Minister
  2. B The Home Minister
  3. C The Union Cabinet
  4. D The Speaker of the Lok Sabha

Correct answer: The Union Cabinet

The 44th Amendment introduced the requirement that the President can only act on the written advice of the Union Cabinet (the Prime Minister and other ministers of Cabinet rank) to prevent unilateral decisions.

Question 4 of 20 Medium

What are the specific grounds for declaring a National Emergency as per the current provisions of the Constitution?

  1. A War, External Aggression, or Armed Rebellion
  2. B War, Civil War, or Internal Disturbance
  3. C Financial Instability, War, or Coup
  4. D External Aggression, Communal Riots, or War

Correct answer: War, External Aggression, or Armed Rebellion

According to Article 352, there are three specific grounds: War, External Aggression (External Emergency) and Armed Rebellion (Internal Emergency).

Question 5 of 20 Medium

Within what period must a proclamation of National Emergency be approved by both Houses of Parliament?

  1. A One month from the date of issue
  2. B Two months from the date of issue
  3. C Six months from the date of issue
  4. D Six weeks from the date of issue

Correct answer: One month from the date of issue

Originally it was two months, but the 44th Amendment reduced it to one month. If the Lok Sabha is dissolved, the proclamation survives until 30 days from the first sitting of the newly reconstituted Lok Sabha.

Question 6 of 20 Medium

What is the mandatory majority required in Parliament to approve a proclamation of National Emergency?

  1. A Simple Majority (more than half of the members present and voting in the House)
  2. B Special Majority (two-thirds majority of the members present and voting in the House)
  3. C Absolute Majority (more than half of the total membership of the House)
  4. D Special Majority (Majority of total membership and 2/3rd of members present and voting)

Correct answer: Special Majority (Majority of total membership and 2/3rd of members present and voting)

The 44th Amendment Act changed the requirement from a simple majority to a special majority to ensure broad parliamentary consensus for such a serious measure.

Question 7 of 20 Medium

Once approved by Parliament, for how long does a National Emergency remain in operation at a time?

  1. A Three months
  2. B One year
  3. C Indefinitely
  4. D Six months

Correct answer: Six months

A National Emergency continues for six months from the date of approval. It can be extended for an indefinite period through repeated approvals every six months.

Question 8 of 20 Medium

Which Article deals with the imposition of President's Rule due to the failure of constitutional machinery in a State?

  1. A Article 352
  2. B Article 360
  3. C Article 365
  4. D Article 356

Correct answer: Article 356

Article 356 allows the President to issue a proclamation if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of a State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.

Question 9 of 20 Medium

Under Article 365, President's Rule can be imposed if a State fails to comply with:

  1. A The orders of the Supreme Court
  2. B The recommendations of the Finance Commission
  3. C International Treaties
  4. D Directions given by the Union Executive

Correct answer: Directions given by the Union Executive

Article 365 provides an additional ground for President's Rule. If a state fails to comply with or give effect to any direction from the Centre, the President can deem it a failure of constitutional machinery.

Question 10 of 20 Medium

Which type of Emergency has never been proclaimed in India so far?

  1. A National Emergency
  2. B President's Rule
  3. C Financial Emergency
  4. D State Emergency

Correct answer: Financial Emergency

Financial Emergency under Article 360 has never been declared in India, even during the severe economic crisis of 1991.

Question 11 of 20 Medium

Which Article provides for the suspension of the provisions of Article 19 during a National Emergency?

  1. A Article 359
  2. B Article 361
  3. C Article 358
  4. D Article 32

Correct answer: Article 358

Article 358 automatically suspends the six Fundamental Rights under Article 19 as soon as a National Emergency is declared on grounds of war or external aggression.

Question 12 of 20 Medium

Article 19 cannot be suspended if a National Emergency is declared on the grounds of:

  1. A War
  2. B External Aggression
  3. C Armed Rebellion
  4. D Foreign Invasion

Correct answer: Armed Rebellion

According to the 44th Amendment, Article 19 is suspended only in the case of an 'External Emergency' (war/external aggression) and not an 'Internal Emergency' (armed rebellion).

Question 13 of 20 Medium

Which Article empowers the President to suspend the right to move any court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights during an emergency?

  1. A Article 356
  2. B Article 358
  3. C Article 359
  4. D Article 360

Correct answer: Article 359

Article 359 allows the President to suspend the enforcement of specific Fundamental Rights by a separate order. Unlike Article 358, this does not happen automatically.

Question 14 of 20 Medium

Which two Fundamental Rights can never be suspended even during a National Emergency?

  1. A Articles 14 and 15
  2. B Articles 19 and 20
  3. C Articles 20 and 21
  4. D Articles 21 and 22

Correct answer: Articles 20 and 21

The 44th Amendment Act specified that the President cannot suspend the right to move the court for the enforcement of rights guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21.

Question 15 of 20 Medium

What is the maximum period for which President's Rule (Article 356) can be extended in a state with repeated parliamentary approval?

  1. A Indefinite period
  2. B Two years
  3. C Three years
  4. D Five years

Correct answer: Three years

President's Rule can be extended every six months for a maximum period of three years. Beyond one year, specific conditions regarding the Election Commission and National Emergency must be met.

Question 16 of 20 Medium

Which landmark Supreme Court case laid down strict guidelines to prevent the misuse of Article 356?

  1. A Kesavananda Bharati Case
  2. B S.R. Bommai Case
  3. C Minerva Mills Case
  4. D Golaknath Case

Correct answer: S.R. Bommai Case

In S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court ruled that the power to dismiss a state government is not absolute and is subject to judicial review.

Question 17 of 20 Medium

During a Financial Emergency, the President can issue directions for the reduction of salaries of which of the following?

  1. A Only State Government employees
  2. B Only Union Government employees
  3. C Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts
  4. D Only Members of Parliament and State Legislatures

Correct answer: Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts

Under Article 360, the President can direct the reduction of salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons serving the Union or a State, including judges of the SC and HCs.

Question 18 of 20 Medium

Who has the power to revoke a proclamation of National Emergency?

  1. A By passing a resolution with a special majority
  2. B The President at any time, by proclamation
  3. C The Supreme Court
  4. D The Prime Minister

Correct answer: The President at any time, by proclamation

The President can revoke a National Emergency at any time by a subsequent proclamation. Such revocation does not require parliamentary approval.

Question 19 of 20 Medium

How can the Lok Sabha initiate the revocation of a National Emergency?

  1. A By passing a resolution with a two-thirds majority in that House
  2. B By a written notice signed by 1/10th of the total members
  3. C By a simple majority vote in a special sitting
  4. D By impeachment of the President

Correct answer: By a written notice signed by 1/10th of the total members

If 1/10th of the members of Lok Sabha give a written notice to the Speaker (or President), a special sitting must be held within 14 days to consider a resolution disapproving the emergency.

Question 20 of 20 Medium

In which of the following years was a National Emergency NOT declared in India?

  1. A 1962
  2. B 1971
  3. C 1975
  4. D 1991

Correct answer: 1991

National Emergencies were declared in 1962 (Chinese aggression), 1971 (Indo-Pak war), and 1975 (Internal disturbance). 1991 was an economic crisis, but no emergency was declared.

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