Epic Form · English Literature

What does the term 'machinery' refer to in the critical theory of the epic genre, as codified by Alexander Pope and neoclassicists?

  1. The siege towers and artillery engines armies deploy on the battlefield
  2. The active intervention of supernatural beings—gods, angels, or demons—in human affairs
  3. The economic publishing networks used to print and bind large folio editions
  4. The rhyming patterns that keep a regular stanzaic beat
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Correct answer: The active intervention of supernatural beings—gods, angels, or demons—in human affairs

In epic criticism, 'machinery' refers to the supernatural architecture of the poem—the gods, angels, spirits, or demons who interfere with human characters and drive the plot forward. Alexander Pope humorously defined it as the part that the deities perform. This cosmic intervention ensures that the mortal conflicts carry grand, universal stakes.

Difficulty: Medium Question 7 of 12

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