Bacterial Recombination · Zoology

In bacterial transformation, DNA uptake generally occurs from:

  1. Actively growing living donor cells
  2. Infecting bacteriophage particles
  3. Free DNA present in the environment
  4. Intact plasmids transferred by contact
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Correct answer: Free DNA present in the environment

Transformation involves the uptake of naked DNA fragments released into the environment. These fragments usually originate from lysed bacterial cells.

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