Physiological Disorders Practice Questions
20 free Physiological Disorders practice questions for the Zoology. Tap an option to answer — you get instant feedback, the correct answer, and a detailed explanation for every question.
Diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by a deficiency or ineffective action of which hormone?
- A Glucagon
- B Thyroxine
- C Insulin
- D Adrenaline
Correct answer: Insulin
Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake of glucose. Deficiency or resistance to insulin leads to hyperglycemia seen in diabetes mellitus.
Which condition is characterized by a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood?
- A Hypertension
- B Anemia
- C Leukemia
- D Thrombosis
Correct answer: Anemia
Anemia results from reduced hemoglobin concentration or red blood cell count. This lowers the blood’s capacity to transport oxygen.
Persistent elevation of arterial blood pressure is termed:
- A Hypotension
- B Hypertension
- C Atherosclerosis
- D Arrhythmia
Correct answer: Hypertension
Hypertension refers to chronically high blood pressure. It increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.
Which physiological disorder is caused by iodine deficiency?
- A Diabetes mellitus
- B Goiter
- C Addison’s disease
- D Cushing’s syndrome
Correct answer: Goiter
Iodine deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis. This leads to enlargement of the thyroid gland known as goiter.
Asthma is primarily associated with dysfunction of which system?
- A Digestive system
- B Respiratory system
- C Central nervous system
- D Excretory system
Correct answer: Respiratory system
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. It causes bronchoconstriction and difficulty in breathing.
Which disorder results from insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
- A Diabetes mellitus type 2
- B Diabetes insipidus
- C Cushing’s syndrome
- D Graves’ disease
Correct answer: Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is caused by lack of ADH or kidney insensitivity to it. This leads to excessive urination and dehydration.
Jaundice is mainly associated with dysfunction of which organ?
- A Kidney
- B Heart
- C Liver
- D Pancreas
Correct answer: Liver
Jaundice results from accumulation of bilirubin due to liver dysfunction. It causes yellowing of skin and eyes.
Which condition involves degeneration of insulin-producing beta cells?
- A Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- B Type 2 diabetes mellitus onset
- C Hypothyroidism
- D Hyperthyroidism
Correct answer: Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder. It involves destruction of pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin.
Renal failure directly affects which physiological function?
- A Emulsification and digestion of dietary fats
- B Excretion of nitrogenous wastes
- C Oxygen transport
- D Hormone synthesis
Correct answer: Excretion of nitrogenous wastes
Kidneys are responsible for removing nitrogenous wastes from blood. Renal failure leads to accumulation of toxic metabolites.
Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults?
- A Pituitary dwarfism
- B Gigantism
- C Acromegaly
- D Cretinism
Correct answer: Acromegaly
Excess growth hormone in adults causes acromegaly. It leads to abnormal enlargement of hands, feet, and facial features.
Which physiological disorder results from vitamin D deficiency?
- A Scurvy
- B Rickets
- C Beriberi
- D Pellagra
Correct answer: Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption. This causes rickets, characterized by weak and deformed bones.
Which blood disorder is marked by uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells?
- A Anemia
- B Hemophilia
- C Leukemia
- D Thalassemia
Correct answer: Leukemia
Leukemia is a cancer of blood-forming tissues. It leads to excessive production of abnormal white blood cells.
Myasthenia gravis primarily affects which physiological process?
- A Muscle contraction
- B Blood coagulation cascade
- C Hormone secretion
- D Urine formation
Correct answer: Muscle contraction
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junctions. It results in muscle weakness and fatigue.
Which condition is associated with decreased secretion of thyroid hormones?
- A Hyperthyroidism
- B Hypothyroidism
- C Goiter
- D Thyroiditis
Correct answer: Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism occurs due to insufficient thyroid hormone production. It leads to reduced metabolic rate and lethargy.
Which physiological disorder is characterized by poor blood clotting?
- A Anemia
- B Leukemia
- C Hemophilia
- D Polycythemia
Correct answer: Hemophilia
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder caused by deficiency of clotting factors. It leads to prolonged bleeding.
Cushing’s syndrome is caused by excess secretion of:
- A Insulin
- B Cortisol
- C Aldosterone
- D Thyroxine
Correct answer: Cortisol
Cushing’s syndrome results from prolonged high levels of cortisol. It affects metabolism, immunity, and body fat distribution.
Which disorder is characterized by chronic inflammation of airways and wheezing?
- A Bronchitis
- B Asthma
- C Emphysema
- D Pneumonia
Correct answer: Asthma
Asthma involves chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity. It leads to wheezing, coughing, and breathing difficulty.
Which condition results from excessive destruction of red blood cells?
- A Hemolytic anemia
- B Iron deficiency anemia
- C Leukemia
- D Sickle cell disease
Correct answer: Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than they are produced. This reduces oxygen transport.
Which physiological disorder affects the filtration capacity of nephrons?
- A Hypertension
- B Renal failure
- C Diabetes insipidus
- D Cirrhosis
Correct answer: Renal failure
Renal failure damages nephrons and reduces glomerular filtration. This impairs waste removal and fluid balance.
Which disorder is commonly associated with sickle-shaped red blood cells?
- A Beta thalassemia major
- B Leukemia
- C Sickle cell anemia
- D Hemophilia
Correct answer: Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in hemoglobin. It results in sickle-shaped red blood cells that impair circulation.