Cardiovascular: MI, Heart Failure, Arrhythmias · USMLE Step 1

A patient presents with dyspnea and orthopnea. Lung exam reveals rales. Which condition best explains these findings?

  1. Right-sided heart failure
  2. Left-sided heart failure
  3. Constrictive pericarditis
  4. Pulmonary embolism
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: Left-sided heart failure

Left-sided heart failure causes pulmonary congestion, leading to dyspnea, orthopnea, and crackles on lung exam.

Difficulty: Medium Question 4 of 20

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