Mitochondrial inheritance · USMLE Step 1

Which mitochondrial feature makes mtDNA a useful tool for tracing human maternal ancestry over many generations?

  1. High recombination rate that reshuffles alleles each generation
  2. Low mutation rate that erases lineage-specific markers over time
  3. Maternal inheritance without recombination
  4. Biparental inheritance mixing both parental genomes
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Correct answer: Maternal inheritance without recombination

Because mtDNA is inherited solely from mothers and does not recombine, it remains relatively stable across generations — making it ideal for tracing maternal lineages and population ancestry.

Difficulty: Medium Question 17 of 19

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