Harlem Renaissance · US History

Claude McKay’s poem 'If We Must Die' was significant during the Red Summer of 1919 because it:

  1. Advocated for peaceful non-resistance in the face of violence
  2. Urged African Americans to fight back against racial violence and lynching
  3. Called for the immediate and complete return of all Black Americans to their ancestral homeland in Africa
  4. Was a tribute to the soldiers who died in the trenches of France
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Correct answer: Urged African Americans to fight back against racial violence and lynching

McKay’s defiant and militant tone captured the 'New Negro' spirit. The poem became an anthem of resistance for Black Americans who were tired of the systemic violence and race riots occurring across the country.

Difficulty: Medium Question 7 of 20

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