Industrialisation and Big Business · US History

How did vertical integration help industrial giants like Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie?

  1. It allowed them to fix prices with their competitors in secret pools
  2. It reduced costs by controlling production from raw materials to distribution
  3. It fully protected them from all lawsuits filed under the Sherman Antitrust Act
  4. It encouraged workers to form company-sponsored labor unions
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Correct answer: It reduced costs by controlling production from raw materials to distribution

By owning the mines, transportation, and refineries, a company could eliminate the 'middleman' and guarantee a steady supply of resources. This efficiency allowed them to undercut competitors and maximize profits.

Difficulty: Medium Question 6 of 20

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