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Respiratory Physiology

Respiratory disorders Practice Questions

20 free Respiratory disorders practice questions for the Physiology. Tap an option to answer — you get instant feedback, the correct answer, and a detailed explanation for every question.

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Question 1 of 20 Medium

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is primarily characterized by:

  1. A Fully reversible airway obstruction
  2. B Progressive, irreversible airflow limitation
  3. C Acute inflammation of the alveolar walls with exudate
  4. D Restrictive limitation of lung expansion

Correct answer: Progressive, irreversible airflow limitation

COPD involves chronic airway obstruction that is not fully reversible. It includes conditions like chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Question 2 of 20 Medium

The hallmark physiological abnormality in emphysema is:

  1. A Decreased lung compliance
  2. B Increased alveolar surface area
  3. C Destruction of alveolar walls
  4. D Increased airway resistance

Correct answer: Destruction of alveolar walls

Emphysema is characterized by destruction of alveolar walls. This reduces surface area for gas exchange.

Question 3 of 20 Medium

Which respiratory disorder is primarily associated with reversible bronchoconstriction?

  1. A Pulmonary fibrosis
  2. B Bronchial asthma
  3. C Emphysema
  4. D Pneumonia

Correct answer: Bronchial asthma

Asthma involves reversible airway obstruction due to bronchoconstriction. It is often triggered by allergens or irritants.

Question 4 of 20 Medium

In bronchial asthma, airway narrowing is mainly caused by:

  1. A Progressive loss of elastic recoil in the airways
  2. B Smooth muscle contraction
  3. C Collapse of distal alveolar units
  4. D Reduced surfactant production

Correct answer: Smooth muscle contraction

Smooth muscle contraction leads to bronchoconstriction in asthma. Inflammation and mucus secretion also contribute.

Question 5 of 20 Medium

Pulmonary fibrosis primarily results in:

  1. A Increased pulmonary compliance
  2. B Reduced diffusion capacity
  3. C Increased airway resistance and trapping
  4. D Marked hyperinflation of the lungs

Correct answer: Reduced diffusion capacity

Pulmonary fibrosis thickens the alveolar-capillary membrane. This reduces diffusion of gases.

Question 6 of 20 Medium

Which pattern of lung disease is seen in pulmonary fibrosis?

  1. A Obstructive
  2. B Restrictive
  3. C Mixed obstructive-restrictive
  4. D Normal

Correct answer: Restrictive

Pulmonary fibrosis is a restrictive lung disease. Lung expansion is limited due to stiffened lung tissue.

Question 7 of 20 Medium

A decreased PaO2 with normal or low PaCO2 is commonly seen in:

  1. A Hypoventilation
  2. B Diffusion impairment
  3. C Opioid overdose
  4. D Neuromuscular paralysis

Correct answer: Diffusion impairment

Diffusion impairment affects oxygen transfer more than carbon dioxide. This results in hypoxemia without hypercapnia.

Question 8 of 20 Medium

Which respiratory disorder is characterized by destruction of cilia and chronic productive cough?

  1. A Asthma
  2. B Pulmonary fibrosis
  3. C Chronic bronchitis
  4. D Pneumothorax

Correct answer: Chronic bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis involves chronic inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. It leads to productive cough and airflow obstruction.

Question 9 of 20 Medium

A pneumothorax causes respiratory distress mainly by:

  1. A Reducing airway diameter
  2. B Increasing pulmonary blood flow
  3. C Collapsing the lung
  4. D Increasing alveolar surface area

Correct answer: Collapsing the lung

Air in the pleural space causes lung collapse. This reduces effective ventilation.

Question 10 of 20 Medium

Which condition results from sudden blockage of pulmonary blood flow?

  1. A Progressive obstruction of the pulmonary arterial tree
  2. B Pulmonary embolism
  3. C Bronchial asthma
  4. D Atelectasis

Correct answer: Pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism occurs due to obstruction of pulmonary arteries. This impairs gas exchange.

Question 11 of 20 Medium

The primary cause of hypoxemia in pulmonary embolism is:

  1. A Alveolar hypoventilation throughout the lungs
  2. B Diffusion limitation across the membrane
  3. C Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
  4. D Reduced circulating hemoglobin

Correct answer: Ventilation-perfusion mismatch

Pulmonary embolism causes areas of ventilation without perfusion. This leads to ventilation-perfusion mismatch.

Question 12 of 20 Medium

Which respiratory disorder is associated with fluid accumulation in alveoli?

  1. A Asthma
  2. B Pulmonary edema
  3. C Emphysema
  4. D Pulmonary fibrosis

Correct answer: Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema involves accumulation of fluid in alveoli. This interferes with gas exchange.

Question 13 of 20 Medium

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by:

  1. A A sustained decrease in capillary permeability
  2. B Alveolar flooding and stiff lungs
  3. C Increased pulmonary surfactant production
  4. D Bronchial airway hyperreactivity

Correct answer: Alveolar flooding and stiff lungs

ARDS causes increased capillary permeability and alveolar edema. Lung compliance is markedly reduced.

Question 14 of 20 Medium

Which disorder leads to reduced lung compliance?

  1. A Emphysema
  2. B Bronchial asthma
  3. C Pulmonary fibrosis
  4. D Chronic bronchitis

Correct answer: Pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis stiffens lung tissue. This reduces lung compliance.

Question 15 of 20 Medium

Atelectasis refers to:

  1. A Inflammation of bronchi
  2. B Collapse of alveoli
  3. C Accumulation of pleural fluid
  4. D Bronchial constriction

Correct answer: Collapse of alveoli

Atelectasis is collapse of alveoli. It reduces functional lung volume.

Question 16 of 20 Medium

Which factor is most responsible for airway obstruction in asthma?

  1. A Loss of alveolar elastic tissue and recoil
  2. B Bronchial smooth muscle spasm
  3. C Accumulation of pleural effusion
  4. D Widespread alveolar collapse

Correct answer: Bronchial smooth muscle spasm

Bronchial smooth muscle spasm narrows airways in asthma. This increases airway resistance.

Question 17 of 20 Medium

Respiratory acidosis is most likely to occur in:

  1. A Sustained hyperventilation
  2. B Prolonged high-altitude exposure
  3. C Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  4. D Advanced pulmonary fibrosis

Correct answer: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COPD leads to hypoventilation and CO2 retention. This causes respiratory acidosis.

Question 18 of 20 Medium

Which disorder primarily reduces diffusion capacity of the lung?

  1. A Asthma
  2. B Pulmonary fibrosis
  3. C Chronic bronchitis
  4. D Pneumothorax

Correct answer: Pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis thickens the alveolar-capillary membrane. This impairs gas diffusion.

Question 19 of 20 Medium

Blue bloater is a term commonly associated with:

  1. A Emphysema
  2. B Bronchial asthma
  3. C Chronic bronchitis
  4. D Pulmonary embolism

Correct answer: Chronic bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis patients may appear cyanotic due to hypoxemia. They are often referred to as blue bloaters.

Question 20 of 20 Medium

Pink puffer is a term commonly associated with:

  1. A Chronic bronchitis
  2. B Pulmonary fibrosis
  3. C Emphysema
  4. D Bronchial asthma

Correct answer: Emphysema

Emphysema patients maintain oxygenation by hyperventilation. They are described as pink puffers.

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