Reproductive Hormones: Male and Female Practice Questions
39 free Reproductive Hormones: Male and Female practice questions for the Physiology. Tap an option to answer — you get instant feedback, the correct answer, and a detailed explanation for every question.
Which hypothalamic hormone directly stimulates the release of both luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone?
- A Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
- B Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
- C Corticotropin-releasing hormone
- D Prolactin-inhibiting hormone
Correct answer: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released in a pulsatile manner from the hypothalamus. It stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete both LH and FSH.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for development of male secondary sexual characteristics?
- A Follicle-stimulating hormone
- B Luteinizing hormone
- C Testosterone
- D Inhibin
Correct answer: Testosterone
Testosterone promotes development of male secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair and deepening of voice. It is produced by Leydig cells under LH stimulation.
In females, which hormone is mainly responsible for the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles?
- A Estrogen from ovaries
- B Progesterone from the corpus luteum
- C Luteinizing hormone from the pituitary
- D Follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct answer: Follicle-stimulating hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. It acts on granulosa cells to support follicular development.
Which hormone provides negative feedback specifically on follicle-stimulating hormone secretion?
- A Estrogen
- B Relaxin
- C Inhibin
- D Prolactin
Correct answer: Inhibin
Inhibin selectively inhibits FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary. It is produced by Sertoli cells in males and granulosa cells in females.
Which hormone is responsible for maintenance of pregnancy in its early stages?
- A Estrogen from the ovary
- B Progesterone from the placenta
- C Human chorionic gonadotropin
- D Prolactin from the pituitary gland
Correct answer: Human chorionic gonadotropin
Human chorionic gonadotropin maintains the corpus luteum during early pregnancy. This ensures continued secretion of progesterone.
Which pituitary hormone directly stimulates Leydig cells?
- A Follicle-stimulating hormone
- B Luteinizing hormone
- C Prolactin
- D Growth hormone
Correct answer: Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone acts on Leydig cells in the testes. It stimulates synthesis and secretion of testosterone.
Which hormone causes the endometrium to enter the secretory phase?
- A Estrogen
- B Follicle-stimulating hormone
- C Progesterone
- D Luteinizing hormone
Correct answer: Progesterone
Progesterone converts the proliferative endometrium into a secretory one. This prepares the uterus for implantation.
Which reproductive hormone shows a positive feedback effect during mid-cycle in females?
- A Progesterone
- B Estrogen
- C Inhibin
- D Testosterone
Correct answer: Estrogen
High levels of estrogen exert positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. This leads to the mid-cycle LH surge.
Which hormone stimulates milk synthesis in the mammary glands?
- A Oxytocin
- B Estrogen
- C Prolactin
- D Progesterone
Correct answer: Prolactin
Prolactin stimulates synthesis of milk in mammary glands. Oxytocin, in contrast, is responsible for milk ejection.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for ovulation?
- A Follicle-stimulating hormone
- B Estrogen
- C Progesterone
- D Luteinizing hormone
Correct answer: Luteinizing hormone
The luteinizing hormone surge triggers ovulation. It causes rupture of the mature ovarian follicle.
Which hormone maintains high intratubular testosterone levels in the testes?
- A Inhibin
- B Androgen-binding protein
- C Luteinizing hormone from the pituitary
- D Estrogen from Sertoli cells
Correct answer: Androgen-binding protein
Androgen-binding protein produced by Sertoli cells binds testosterone. This maintains high local concentrations necessary for spermatogenesis.
Which hormone withdrawal directly leads to menstruation?
- A Estrogen
- B Progesterone
- C Follicle-stimulating hormone
- D Luteinizing hormone
Correct answer: Progesterone
A fall in progesterone levels causes shedding of the endometrium. This hormonal withdrawal initiates menstruation.
Which hormone is secreted by the placenta during pregnancy?
- A Follicle-stimulating hormone
- B Luteinizing hormone
- C Human chorionic gonadotropin
- D Inhibin
Correct answer: Human chorionic gonadotropin
Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by the placenta. It supports the corpus luteum in early pregnancy.
Which reproductive hormone suppresses gonadotropin secretion when present in high levels in males?
- A Follicle-stimulating hormone
- B Testosterone
- C Inhibin
- D Progesterone
Correct answer: Testosterone
Testosterone exerts negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. This suppresses secretion of LH and FSH.
Which hormone is mainly responsible for growth of the uterus during puberty?
- A Progesterone
- B Estrogen
- C Prolactin
- D Oxytocin
Correct answer: Estrogen
Estrogen promotes growth and development of the uterus during puberty. It also contributes to development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
Which hormone is released in response to suckling and causes milk ejection?
- A Prolactin
- B Estrogen
- C Progesterone
- D Oxytocin
Correct answer: Oxytocin
Oxytocin causes contraction of myoepithelial cells in the mammary glands. This leads to milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Which hormone is secreted by granulosa cells of ovarian follicles?
- A Testosterone
- B Estrogen
- C Progesterone
- D Oxytocin
Correct answer: Estrogen
Granulosa cells convert androgens to estrogen under FSH stimulation. Estrogen is crucial for follicular development.
Which hormone regulates spermatogenesis by acting on Sertoli cells?
- A Luteinizing hormone from the pituitary
- B Testosterone from Leydig cells
- C Follicle-stimulating hormone
- D Inhibin from Sertoli cells
Correct answer: Follicle-stimulating hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone acts on Sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis. It stimulates production of androgen-binding protein.
Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
- A Estrogen
- B Progesterone
- C Luteinizing hormone
- D Follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct answer: Progesterone
Progesterone maintains the luteal phase after ovulation. It supports endometrial receptivity for implantation.
Which hormone plays a key role in sexual differentiation of the male fetus?
- A Estrogen
- B Progesterone
- C Testosterone
- D Prolactin
Correct answer: Testosterone
Testosterone is essential for male sexual differentiation in the fetus. It promotes development of male internal and external genitalia.
Which hormone maintains high intratubular testosterone levels necessary for spermatogenesis?
- A Luteinizing hormone
- B Follicle-stimulating hormone
- C Testosterone
- D Inhibin
Correct answer: Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone, which is then concentrated within seminiferous tubules. This high local testosterone level is essential for spermatogenesis.
Which hormone is responsible for differentiation of male internal genitalia in the fetus?
- A Testosterone
- B Estrogen
- C Progesterone
- D Inhibin
Correct answer: Testosterone
Testosterone promotes development of male internal reproductive structures from the Wolffian ducts. It is produced by fetal Leydig cells.
Which hormone predominantly maintains the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
- A Progesterone from the corpus luteum
- B Estrogen secreted by the dominant ovarian follicle
- C Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- D Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Correct answer: Progesterone from the corpus luteum
Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum and maintains the endometrium during the luteal phase. It prepares the uterus for possible implantation.
Which hormone acts directly on Sertoli cells to regulate spermatogenesis?
- A Luteinizing hormone
- B Testosterone
- C Prolactin
- D Follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct answer: Follicle-stimulating hormone
FSH acts on Sertoli cells, stimulating spermatogenesis and production of androgen-binding protein. This supports sperm development.
Which hormone is primarily secreted by granulosa cells of developing ovarian follicles?
- A Estrogen
- B Progesterone
- C Testosterone
- D Relaxin
Correct answer: Estrogen
Granulosa cells convert androgens into estrogen via aromatase. Estrogen is important for follicular growth and endometrial proliferation.
Which hormone is released during suckling and causes milk ejection?
- A Prolactin
- B Oxytocin
- C Estrogen
- D Progesterone
Correct answer: Oxytocin
Oxytocin causes contraction of myoepithelial cells in the mammary glands, leading to milk ejection. It is released in response to suckling.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for growth of the uterus during puberty?
- A Progesterone
- B Estrogen
- C FSH
- D LH
Correct answer: Estrogen
Estrogen stimulates growth and development of the uterus during puberty. It also promotes proliferation of the endometrium.
Which hormone suppresses gonadotropin secretion in males through negative feedback?
- A Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
- B Testosterone
- C Prolactin
- D Oxytocin
Correct answer: Testosterone
Testosterone exerts negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary, reducing GnRH and LH secretion. This regulates reproductive hormone balance.
Which hormone is secreted by the placenta to maintain early pregnancy?
- A hCG
- B FSH
- C LH
- D Prolactin
Correct answer: hCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) maintains the corpus luteum in early pregnancy. This ensures continued progesterone production.
Withdrawal of which hormone directly triggers menstruation?
- A Estrogen
- B Progesterone
- C FSH
- D Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone
Correct answer: Progesterone
A drop in progesterone levels leads to shedding of the endometrial lining, resulting in menstruation. It signals the end of the luteal phase.
Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates release of both LH and FSH?
- A TRH
- B CRH
- C GnRH
- D GHRH
Correct answer: GnRH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH.
Which hormone surge is primarily responsible for ovulation?
- A FSH rise
- B LH surge
- C Estrogen drop
- D Progesterone surge
Correct answer: LH surge
The LH surge triggers ovulation by causing rupture of the mature follicle. It is a key event in the menstrual cycle.
Which hormone exhibits positive feedback during the mid-cycle phase in females?
- A Progesterone
- B Estrogen
- C FSH
- D Prolactin
Correct answer: Estrogen
High levels of estrogen during mid-cycle exert positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary, leading to the LH surge.
Which hormone converts the endometrium into the secretory phase?
- A Estrogen
- B FSH
- C Luteinizing Hormone
- D Progesterone
Correct answer: Progesterone
Progesterone transforms the proliferative endometrium into a secretory state. This prepares it for implantation.
Which pituitary hormone directly stimulates Leydig cells in the testes?
- A Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
- B Prolactin
- C ACTH
- D Luteinizing Hormone
Correct answer: Luteinizing Hormone
LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone. This is essential for male reproductive function.
Which hormone is essential for maintaining early pregnancy before placental takeover?
- A Estrogen
- B Testosterone
- C Inhibin
- D Progesterone
Correct answer: Progesterone
Progesterone maintains the uterine lining and prevents contractions in early pregnancy. Initially, it is produced by the corpus luteum.
Which hormone selectively inhibits FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary?
- A Testosterone
- B Progesterone
- C Estrogen
- D Inhibin B
Correct answer: Inhibin B
Inhibin, secreted by Sertoli and granulosa cells, specifically inhibits FSH secretion. It helps regulate gametogenesis.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for maturation of ovarian follicles?
- A FSH
- B LH
- C Progesterone
- D Oxytocin
Correct answer: FSH
FSH stimulates growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. It acts on granulosa cells during the follicular phase.
Which hormone is mainly responsible for development of male secondary sexual characteristics?
- A Estrogen
- B Progesterone
- C Testosterone
- D Inhibin
Correct answer: Testosterone
Testosterone promotes development of male secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle mass and facial hair. It is the principal male androgen.