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Blood and Haematology

Anaemia types and causes Practice Questions

27 free Anaemia types and causes practice questions for the Physiology. Tap an option to answer — you get instant feedback, the correct answer, and a detailed explanation for every question.

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Question 1 of 27 Medium

Anaemia is best defined as a decrease in:

  1. A Total circulating blood volume
  2. B Hemoglobin concentration
  3. C Plasma proteins
  4. D Circulating white blood cell count

Correct answer: Hemoglobin concentration

Anaemia refers to reduced hemoglobin concentration in blood. This lowers the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.

Question 2 of 27 Medium

The most common cause of anaemia worldwide is:

  1. A Vitamin B12 deficiency
  2. B Iron deficiency
  3. C Hemolysis
  4. D Bone marrow failure

Correct answer: Iron deficiency

Iron deficiency anaemia is the most prevalent globally. It commonly results from inadequate intake or chronic blood loss.

Question 3 of 27 Medium

Iron deficiency anaemia is typically characterized by red blood cells that are:

  1. A Macrocytic and hyperchromic
  2. B Microcytic and hypochromic
  3. C Normocytic, normochromic
  4. D Macrocytic, normochromic

Correct answer: Microcytic and hypochromic

Iron deficiency impairs hemoglobin synthesis. This produces small, pale red blood cells.

Question 4 of 27 Medium

Vitamin B12 deficiency most commonly leads to:

  1. A Microcytic hypochromic anaemia
  2. B Normocytic anaemia
  3. C Megaloblastic anaemia
  4. D Hemolytic anaemia

Correct answer: Megaloblastic anaemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis. This causes formation of large, immature red blood cells.

Question 5 of 27 Medium

Which anaemia results from autoimmune destruction of intrinsic factor?

  1. A Aplastic anaemia
  2. B Iron deficiency anaemia
  3. C Pernicious anaemia
  4. D Sickle cell anaemia

Correct answer: Pernicious anaemia

Pernicious anaemia occurs due to intrinsic factor deficiency. This prevents vitamin B12 absorption.

Question 6 of 27 Medium

Folate deficiency anaemia differs from vitamin B12 deficiency because it:

  1. A Causes progressive neurological deficits
  2. B Is characteristically a hemolytic process
  3. C Lacks the neurological damage of B12 loss
  4. D Produces a marked red cell microcytosis

Correct answer: Lacks the neurological damage of B12 loss

Folate deficiency causes megaloblastic anaemia without neurological involvement. Neurological damage is specific to vitamin B12 deficiency.

Question 7 of 27 Medium

Hemolytic anaemia is primarily caused by:

  1. A Markedly reduced marrow erythropoiesis
  2. B Excess red blood cell destruction
  3. C Chronic iron malabsorption
  4. D Slow chronic blood loss

Correct answer: Excess red blood cell destruction

Hemolytic anaemia results from premature destruction of red blood cells. This may occur intravascularly or extravascularly.

Question 8 of 27 Medium

Which laboratory finding is most characteristic of hemolytic anaemia?

  1. A Low reticulocyte count
  2. B Markedly decreased serum bilirubin
  3. C Increased reticulocyte count
  4. D Reduced serum LDH levels

Correct answer: Increased reticulocyte count

Hemolysis stimulates bone marrow to increase red cell production. This raises the reticulocyte count.

Question 9 of 27 Medium

Sickle cell anaemia is caused by a defect in:

  1. A Heme ring synthesis
  2. B Globin chain structure
  3. C Duodenal iron absorption
  4. D Bone marrow stromal function

Correct answer: Globin chain structure

Sickle cell anaemia is due to a mutation in the beta-globin gene. This produces abnormal hemoglobin S.

Question 10 of 27 Medium

Which anaemia is inherited and characterized by episodic hemolysis and vaso-occlusive crises?

  1. A Beta-thalassemia major
  2. B Acquired aplastic anaemia
  3. C Inherited sickle cell anaemia
  4. D Autoimmune pernicious anaemia

Correct answer: Inherited sickle cell anaemia

Sickle cell anaemia causes red cells to sickle under stress. This leads to hemolysis and vascular obstruction.

Question 11 of 27 Medium

Thalassemia is primarily due to:

  1. A Chronic dietary iron deficiency
  2. B Impaired globin chain synthesis
  3. C Combined vitamin B12 deficiency
  4. D Autoimmune red cell hemolysis

Correct answer: Impaired globin chain synthesis

Thalassemia results from defective synthesis of alpha or beta globin chains. This causes ineffective erythropoiesis.

Question 12 of 27 Medium

Aplastic anaemia is characterized by:

  1. A Marrow hypercellularity
  2. B Pure red cell aplasia
  3. C Marked pancytopenia
  4. D Reticulocytosis

Correct answer: Marked pancytopenia

Aplastic anaemia involves bone marrow failure. This results in reduced production of all blood cell lines.

Question 13 of 27 Medium

Which condition commonly causes normocytic normochromic anaemia?

  1. A Iron deficiency
  2. B Chronic disease
  3. C Vitamin B12 deficiency
  4. D Thalassemia

Correct answer: Chronic disease

Anaemia of chronic disease typically presents as normocytic normochromic. It is associated with inflammation and impaired iron utilization.

Question 14 of 27 Medium

Anaemia due to chronic kidney disease primarily results from decreased:

  1. A Dietary iron absorption
  2. B Serum vitamin B12 levels
  3. C Erythropoietin production
  4. D Red cell membrane lifespan

Correct answer: Erythropoietin production

The kidneys produce erythropoietin. Reduced secretion leads to decreased red blood cell production.

Question 15 of 27 Medium

Which anaemia is associated with lead poisoning?

  1. A Megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia
  2. B Warm autoimmune hemolytic anaemia
  3. C Microcytic anaemia with stippling
  4. D Normocytic normochromic anaemia

Correct answer: Microcytic anaemia with stippling

Lead interferes with heme synthesis. This causes microcytic anaemia and basophilic stippling of red cells.

Question 16 of 27 Medium

Reticulocyte count is useful in anaemia to assess:

  1. A Body iron stores
  2. B Bone marrow response
  3. C Serum vitamin levels
  4. D Average red cell size

Correct answer: Bone marrow response

Reticulocyte count reflects bone marrow activity. It helps distinguish between production and destruction causes of anaemia.

Question 17 of 27 Medium

Which anaemia results from acute blood loss?

  1. A Microcytic anaemia
  2. B Megaloblastic anaemia
  3. C Normocytic anaemia
  4. D Hemolytic anaemia

Correct answer: Normocytic anaemia

Acute blood loss initially causes normocytic anaemia. Red cell size remains normal early on.

Question 18 of 27 Medium

Which nutrient deficiency can cause anaemia by impairing iron absorption?

  1. A Vitamin A
  2. B Vitamin C
  3. C Vitamin D
  4. D Vitamin K

Correct answer: Vitamin C

Vitamin C enhances non-heme iron absorption. Its deficiency can worsen iron deficiency anaemia.

Question 19 of 27 Medium

Macrocytic anaemia is most commonly caused by deficiency of:

  1. A Dietary iron intake
  2. B Vitamin B12 or folate
  3. C Ascorbic acid (C)
  4. D Dietary calcium salts

Correct answer: Vitamin B12 or folate

Deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate impairs DNA synthesis. This leads to enlarged red blood cells.

Question 20 of 27 Medium

Which symptom is commonly associated with severe anaemia?

  1. A Sustained hypertension
  2. B Peripheral cyanosis
  3. C Fatigue and dyspnea
  4. D Resting bradycardia

Correct answer: Fatigue and dyspnea

Reduced oxygen delivery causes fatigue and shortness of breath. These are common features of anaemia.

Question 21 of 27 Medium

Which feature distinguishes folate deficiency anaemia from vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia?

  1. A Presence of macrocytosis
  2. B Neurological symptoms
  3. C Low hemoglobin
  4. D Increased MCV

Correct answer: Neurological symptoms

Vitamin B12 deficiency causes neurological symptoms due to demyelination, whereas folate deficiency does not affect the nervous system.

Question 22 of 27 Medium

Which anaemia is commonly associated with lead poisoning?

  1. A Megaloblastic anaemia
  2. B Hemolytic anaemia
  3. C Aplastic anaemia
  4. D Sideroblastic anaemia

Correct answer: Sideroblastic anaemia

Lead interferes with heme synthesis, causing sideroblastic anaemia with ring sideroblasts in bone marrow.

Question 23 of 27 Medium

Reticulocyte count in anaemia helps assess:

  1. A Iron levels
  2. B Hemoglobin concentration
  3. C Vitamin levels
  4. D Bone marrow response

Correct answer: Bone marrow response

Reticulocyte count indicates how actively the bone marrow is producing new red blood cells.

Question 24 of 27 Medium

Which anaemia is inherited and characterized by vaso-occlusive crises?

  1. A Thalassemia
  2. B Iron deficiency anaemia
  3. C Aplastic anaemia
  4. D Sickle cell anaemia

Correct answer: Sickle cell anaemia

Sickle cell anaemia involves abnormal hemoglobin leading to sickled RBCs that block blood vessels.

Question 25 of 27 Medium

Anaemia in chronic kidney disease is primarily due to decreased:

  1. A Reduced iron absorption
  2. B Low vitamin B12 levels
  3. C Insufficient folate levels
  4. D Erythropoietin production

Correct answer: Erythropoietin production

Kidneys produce erythropoietin, and reduced levels in kidney disease lead to decreased RBC production.

Question 26 of 27 Medium

Thalassemia is caused by:

  1. A Severe iron deficiency
  2. B Widespread vitamin deficiency disorder
  3. C Complete bone marrow suppression failure
  4. D Abnormal hemoglobin chain synthesis

Correct answer: Abnormal hemoglobin chain synthesis

Thalassemia results from genetic defects in globin chain production, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis.

Question 27 of 27 Medium

Which nutrient deficiency can impair iron absorption and lead to anaemia?

  1. A Vitamin C
  2. B Vitamin A
  3. C Vitamin B12
  4. D Vitamin D

Correct answer: Vitamin C

Vitamin C enhances iron absorption; its deficiency can reduce iron uptake and contribute to anaemia.

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