Which of the following is most directly involved in promoting the inflammatory cascade of atherosclerotic plaque progression?
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Correct answer: Interleukin-1
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that upregulates adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, stimulates smooth muscle cell proliferation, and drives the local inflammatory response within developing plaques. Inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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