Sustainable Development Practice Questions
20 free Sustainable Development practice questions for the NCERT Biology. Tap an option to answer — you get instant feedback, the correct answer, and a detailed explanation for every question.
Sustainable development is best defined as development that:
- A Focuses only on economic growth
- B Balances present needs without compromising future ones
- C Uses the maximum available natural resources efficiently
- D Prioritizes industrialization over environment
Correct answer: Balances present needs without compromising future ones
Sustainable development aims to balance economic growth, environmental protection, and social well-being. It ensures resources are available for future generations.
The concept of sustainable development was popularized by which report?
- A Kyoto Protocol
- B Montreal Protocol
- C Brundtland Report
- D Rio Declaration
Correct answer: Brundtland Report
The Brundtland Report defined sustainable development in 1987. It emphasized intergenerational equity.
A green economy primarily focuses on:
- A High-carbon industrial growth with no environmental constraints
- B Growth combined with environmental sustainability
- C Excessive consumption of fossil fuels
- D Ignoring social equity
Correct answer: Growth combined with environmental sustainability
A green economy promotes economic development while reducing environmental risks. It supports sustainability and social inclusion.
Which of the following is a renewable source of energy supporting a green economy?
- A Coal (fossil fuel)
- B Petroleum
- C Solar energy
- D Natural gas (fossil)
Correct answer: Solar energy
Solar energy is renewable and does not emit greenhouse gases during use. It is a key component of a green economy.
Which practice helps in achieving sustainable agriculture?
- A Continuous monocropping of a single crop
- B Excessive pesticide use
- C Crop rotation
- D Over-irrigation of farmland
Correct answer: Crop rotation
Crop rotation improves soil fertility and reduces pest buildup. It supports long-term agricultural sustainability.
The main objective of the green economy is to:
- A Increase consumer spending and overall demand
- B Reduce environmental degradation
- C Maximize corporate profits regardless of impact
- D Promote non-renewable resources aggressively
Correct answer: Reduce environmental degradation
A green economy seeks to minimize environmental damage. It promotes efficient resource use and low-carbon development.
Which of the following practices supports sustainable waste management?
- A Open dumping
- B Landfilling without segregation
- C Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
- D Burning waste
Correct answer: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
The 3Rs reduce waste generation and conserve resources. They are essential for sustainable waste management.
Carbon footprint refers to:
- A The total forest area of a country
- B The total amount of carbon stored in soil
- C Total greenhouse gas emissions from an activity
- D The total quantity of fossil fuels available globally
Correct answer: Total greenhouse gas emissions from an activity
Carbon footprint measures greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by a person, product, or activity. Reducing it supports sustainability.
Which international agreement aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
- A Montreal Protocol
- B Kyoto Protocol
- C Ramsar Convention
- D CITES Wildlife Trade Agreement
Correct answer: Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol targets reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. It addresses climate change mitigation.
Which sector plays a crucial role in transition to a green economy?
- A Traditional coal mining and extraction sector
- B Renewable energy sector
- C Plastic manufacturing and packaging industry
- D Deforestation and timber extraction industry
Correct answer: Renewable energy sector
Renewable energy reduces dependence on fossil fuels. It is central to sustainable economic transition.
Sustainable development includes which three major pillars?
- A Economic, political, industrial
- B Social, environmental, economic
- C Cultural, technological, economic
- D Environmental, political, social
Correct answer: Social, environmental, economic
Sustainable development balances social equity, environmental protection, and economic growth. All three pillars are equally important.
Which of the following promotes energy efficiency?
- A Traditional incandescent light bulbs
- B LED lighting
- C Coal-based thermal power plants
- D High-capacity diesel generators
Correct answer: LED lighting
LED lights consume less energy and last longer. They reduce electricity demand and emissions.
Green economy discourages the use of:
- A Recyclable and biodegradable materials
- B Renewable energy resources
- C Fossil fuels
- D Organic and natural farming methods
Correct answer: Fossil fuels
Fossil fuels are major sources of pollution and climate change. Green economy promotes cleaner alternatives.
Which indicator reflects sustainable human development?
- A Gross Domestic Product growth rate
- B Human Development Index
- C Per capita income level only
- D Annual industrial output growth rate
Correct answer: Human Development Index
Human Development Index considers health, education, and income. It reflects overall sustainable development.
The principle of intergenerational equity means:
- A Equal resource use among all people within one generation
- B Ignoring the needs of future generations entirely
- C Fair sharing of resources between present and future generations
- D Maximizing present generation's consumption and wealth
Correct answer: Fair sharing of resources between present and future generations
Intergenerational equity ensures that future generations have access to resources. It is a core idea of sustainability.
Which activity best supports sustainable transportation?
- A Greater reliance on private cars for commuting
- B Promotion of public transport
- C Increased fuel consumption across all sectors
- D Continuous expansion of urban highway networks
Correct answer: Promotion of public transport
Public transport reduces fuel use and emissions. It supports sustainable urban development.
Which of the following reduces dependence on non-renewable resources?
- A Recycling metals
- B Mining coal
- C Using plastic extensively
- D Deforestation
Correct answer: Recycling metals
Recycling conserves raw materials and energy. It reduces pressure on non-renewable resources.
Which approach is essential for achieving a green economy?
- A Resource overexploitation
- B Sustainable consumption
- C Ignoring biodiversity
- D Short-term economic planning
Correct answer: Sustainable consumption
Sustainable consumption minimizes waste and resource depletion. It aligns economic activities with ecological limits.
Biodiversity conservation contributes to sustainable development by:
- A Reducing the availability of key ecosystem services
- B Increasing industrial pollution and environmental damage
- C Maintaining ecosystem stability and function
- D Limiting economic growth and development opportunities
Correct answer: Maintaining ecosystem stability and function
Biodiversity supports ecosystem services like pollination and nutrient cycling. These are vital for long-term sustainability.
Which statement best describes the relationship between sustainable development and green economy?
- A They are entirely unrelated and independent concepts
- B Green economy fundamentally opposes sustainable development goals
- C Green economy serves as a pathway to sustainable development
- D Sustainable development completely ignores economic growth considerations
Correct answer: Green economy serves as a pathway to sustainable development
Green economy provides practical strategies to achieve sustainable development. It integrates environmental and economic goals.