Wood Anatomy: Sapwood and Heartwood · NCERT Biology

Heartwood is formed due to:

  1. Activity of cork cambium in the outer bark
  2. Death and blockage of older xylem elements
  3. Secondary growth and expansion of phloem tissue
  4. Formation of annual rings in the outer wood
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Correct answer: Death and blockage of older xylem elements

As xylem ages, older vessels get blocked by deposits and lose conducting ability. This transformation leads to the formation of heartwood.

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