Tissue Systems Practice Questions
20 free Tissue Systems practice questions for the NCERT Biology. Tap an option to answer — you get instant feedback, the correct answer, and a detailed explanation for every question.
Which tissue system forms the outermost protective covering of the entire plant body?
- A Vascular tissue system
- B Ground tissue system
- C Epidermal tissue system
- D Secondary meristematic system
Correct answer: Epidermal tissue system
The epidermal tissue system forms the outermost covering of the whole plant body. It comprises epidermal cells, stomata, and epidermal appendages such as trichomes and root hairs.
Stomata are structures present in the epidermis of leaves. What is the primary function of the guard cells surrounding the stomatal pore?
- A Synthesizing and storing reserve proteins
- B Regulating the opening and closing of stomata
- C Secreting chemicals that deter herbivores
- D Conducting water and minerals to mesophyll
Correct answer: Regulating the opening and closing of stomata
Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells that regulate the stomatal aperture. Changes in their turgidity open or close the pore, controlling gas exchange and transpiration.
In grasses, the guard cells are typically shaped like:
- A Bean seeds
- B Kidneys
- C Dumb-bells
- D Spheres
Correct answer: Dumb-bells
While most dicots have kidney-shaped or bean-shaped guard cells, monocots like grasses possess dumb-bell shaped guard cells. This is a characteristic anatomical feature of the Gramineae family.
Which of the following epidermal appendages are usually multicellular and help in preventing water loss due to transpiration?
- A Root hairs
- B Trichomes
- C Guard cells
- D Subsidiary cells
Correct answer: Trichomes
Trichomes are epidermal hairs on the stem that are usually multicellular. They may be branched or unbranched and soft or stiff, primarily functioning to reduce water loss.
The ground tissue system consists of all tissues except:
- A Parenchyma and Sclerenchyma
- B Epidermis and Vascular bundles
- C Cortex and Medullary rays
- D Mesophyll and Pericycle
Correct answer: Epidermis and Vascular bundles
All tissues except the epidermis and vascular bundles constitute the ground tissue system. It forms the bulk of the plant body and includes the cortex, pericycle, pith, and medullary rays.
In leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin-walled chloroplast-containing cells and is called:
- A Pith
- B Cortex
- C Mesophyll
- D Endodermis
Correct answer: Mesophyll
In leaves, the ground tissue is not differentiated into cortex and pith; instead, it forms the mesophyll. Mesophyll cells are parenchymatous and specialized for photosynthesis.
Which type of vascular bundle is characterized by the presence of cambium between xylem and phloem?
- A Closed vascular bundle
- B Open vascular bundle
- C Radial vascular bundle
- D Amphicribral bundle
Correct answer: Open vascular bundle
Open vascular bundles, found in dicotyledonous stems, contain cambium between the xylem and phloem. This cambium allows the formation of secondary xylem and phloem, enabling secondary growth.
When xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner on different radii, the arrangement is called:
- A Conjoint
- B Radial type
- C Collateral
- D Bicollateral
Correct answer: Radial type
The radial arrangement is characteristic of roots. Xylem and phloem patches are situated on different radii and alternate with each other around the central axis.
Monocotyledonous stems are described as having 'closed' vascular bundles because:
- A They are surrounded by a thick bundle sheath.
- B They lack cambium between xylem and phloem.
- C The xylem completely surrounds the phloem.
- D The stomata are permanently closed in daytime.
Correct answer: They lack cambium between xylem and phloem.
In monocot stems, vascular bundles do not have cambium present between the xylem and phloem. Consequently, they cannot produce secondary tissues and are termed 'closed' vascular bundles.
In a conjoint vascular bundle, the xylem and phloem are situated at:
- A Different radii
- B The same radius
- C The periphery only
- D The center only
Correct answer: The same radius
Conjoint vascular bundles have xylem and phloem together on the same radius. This arrangement is common in stems and leaves.
The waxy thick layer on the epidermis that prevents water loss is called the:
- A Cortex
- B Cuticle
- C Hypodermis
- D Endodermis
Correct answer: Cuticle
The cuticle is a fatty, waxy layer covering the external surface of the epidermis. It is absent in roots to allow for water absorption.
Root hairs are specialized extensions of _______ cells.
- A Cortical
- B Epidermal
- C Endodermal
- D Pericycle
Correct answer: Epidermal
Root hairs are unicellular elongations of the epidermal cells (specifically the epiblema). They significantly increase the surface area available for the absorption of water and minerals.
Which of the following is NOT part of the epidermal tissue system?
- A Trichomes
- B Stomata
- C Subsidiary cells
- D Medullary rays
Correct answer: Medullary rays
Medullary rays are part of the ground tissue system situated between vascular bundles. Trichomes, stomata, and subsidiary cells are all components of the epidermis.
In which plant part would you most likely find radial vascular bundles?
- A Dicot stem
- B Monocot leaf
- C Dicot root
- D Monocot stem
Correct answer: Dicot root
The radial arrangement of xylem and phloem is a diagnostic characteristic of roots, whether they are from dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous plants.
Subsidiary cells are modified _______ cells located in the vicinity of guard cells.
- A Parenchyma
- B Epidermal
- C Vascular
- D Mesophyll
Correct answer: Epidermal
Occasionally, a few epidermal cells near the guard cells become specialized in shape and size; these are called subsidiary cells. Together with the guard cells and pore, they form the stomatal apparatus.
The vascular tissue system consists of complex tissues, which are:
- A Parenchyma and collenchyma
- B Xylem and phloem
- C Epidermis and periderm
- D Cortex and pith
Correct answer: Xylem and phloem
The vascular system is composed of the complex tissues xylem and phloem. These tissues work together as vascular bundles to conduct water, minerals, and food.
Which tissue system is usually composed of simple tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma?
- A Epidermal system
- B Vascular system
- C Ground system
- D Root system
Correct answer: Ground system
The ground tissue system is primarily made of simple tissues. Parenchyma is usually present in the cortex and pith, while collenchyma and sclerenchyma provide mechanical support in the hypodermis.
In conjoint vascular bundles, the phloem is usually located on the _______ side of the xylem.
- A Inner
- B Outer
- C Lateral
- D Both sides
Correct answer: Outer
In the conjoint collateral vascular bundles found in most stems, the phloem is typically situated toward the outer periphery, while the xylem is toward the inner side.
A characteristic of the epidermal cells is that they are:
- A Multilayered with large intercellular spaces
- B Parenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm
- C Sclerenchymatous and dead at full maturity only
- D Always containing numerous chloroplasts inside
Correct answer: Parenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm
Epidermal cells are elongated, compactly arranged parenchymatous cells that form a continuous layer. They have a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and a large vacuole.
The ground tissue in the primary stem includes which of the following regions?
- A Epidermis and hypodermis
- B Cortex, pericycle, and pith
- C Xylem, phloem, and cambium
- D Guard cells, stomata, and trichomes
Correct answer: Cortex, pericycle, and pith
In dicot stems, the ground tissue between the epidermis and the vascular cylinder is differentiated into the cortex, pericycle, pith, and medullary rays.