Bacteriology

Gram Negative Bacteria Practice Questions

20 free Gram Negative Bacteria practice questions for the Microbiology. Tap an option to answer — you get instant feedback, the correct answer, and a detailed explanation for every question.

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Question 1 of 20 Medium

Which structural component is unique to Gram-negative bacteria and contributes to endotoxin activity?

  1. A Lipoteichoic acid
  2. B Lipopolysaccharide
  3. C Peptidoglycan
  4. D N-acetylglucosamine

Correct answer: Lipopolysaccharide

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A component acts as an endotoxin, triggering strong immune responses.

Question 2 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is oxidase positive and commonly causes hospital-acquired infections?

  1. A Acinetobacter baumannii
  2. B Klebsiella pneumoniae
  3. C Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  4. D Proteus mirabilis

Correct answer: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is oxidase positive and known for causing opportunistic infections, especially in hospital settings. It is also resistant to many antibiotics.

Question 3 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative diplococcus is a common cause of sexually transmitted infections?

  1. A Neisseria meningitidis
  2. B Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  3. C Moraxella catarrhalis
  4. D Haemophilus influenzae

Correct answer: Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative diplococcus that causes gonorrhea. It is transmitted sexually and infects mucosal surfaces.

Question 4 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is known for producing a green pigment and fruity odor?

  1. A Klebsiella pneumoniae
  2. B Escherichia coli
  3. C Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  4. D Acinetobacter baumannii

Correct answer: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces pigments such as pyocyanin and has a characteristic fruity odor. These features help in its identification.

Question 5 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is the causative agent of enteric fever?

  1. A Shigella dysenteriae
  2. B Salmonella typhi
  3. C Vibrio cholerae
  4. D Campylobacter jejuni

Correct answer: Salmonella typhi

Salmonella typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever. It invades intestinal mucosa and spreads systemically through the bloodstream.

Question 6 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is lactose fermenting and appears pink on MacConkey agar?

  1. A Salmonella typhi
  2. B Shigella flexneri
  3. C Proteus vulgaris
  4. D Escherichia coli

Correct answer: Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli ferments lactose, producing pink colonies on MacConkey agar. This distinguishes it from non-lactose fermenters.

Question 7 of 20 Medium

Which curved Gram-negative bacterium produces a toxin that causes profuse rice-water diarrhea?

  1. A Helicobacter pylori
  2. B Campylobacter jejuni
  3. C Shigella sonnei
  4. D Vibrio cholerae

Correct answer: Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae is a curved, comma-shaped Gram-negative bacterium. It produces cholera toxin, leading to severe watery diarrhea.

Question 8 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is urease positive and associated with gastric ulcers?

  1. A Helicobacter pylori
  2. B Escherichia coli
  3. C Shigella dysenteriae
  4. D Salmonella typhi

Correct answer: Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori produces urease, which neutralizes stomach acid. This allows it to colonize the gastric mucosa and contribute to ulcers.

Question 9 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is known for swarming motility on agar?

  1. A Proteus mirabilis
  2. B Klebsiella pneumoniae
  3. C Escherichia coli
  4. D Shigella sonnei

Correct answer: Proteus mirabilis

Proteus mirabilis exhibits swarming motility due to its flagella. This results in characteristic spreading growth on agar plates.

Question 10 of 20 Medium

Which encapsulated Gram-negative diplococcus is a leading cause of bacterial infection of the cerebrospinal fluid?

  1. A Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  2. B Moraxella catarrhalis
  3. C Haemophilus influenzae
  4. D Neisseria meningitidis

Correct answer: Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria meningitidis has a polysaccharide capsule that enhances virulence. It is a major cause of bacterial meningitis.

Question 11 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is non-motile and has a prominent capsule giving mucoid colonies?

  1. A Escherichia coli
  2. B Proteus mirabilis
  3. C Salmonella typhimurium
  4. D Klebsiella pneumoniae

Correct answer: Klebsiella pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae is non-motile and produces a thick capsule. This results in mucoid colonies and increased resistance to host defenses.

Question 12 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium produces Shiga toxin?

  1. A Escherichia coli O157:H7
  2. B Yersinia enterocolitica
  3. C Plesiomonas shigelloides
  4. D Campylobacter jejuni

Correct answer: Escherichia coli O157:H7

Certain strains of Escherichia coli, such as O157:H7, produce Shiga toxin. This toxin damages intestinal cells and can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Question 13 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is microaerophilic and associated with foodborne diarrhea?

  1. A Campylobacter jejuni
  2. B Vibrio cholerae
  3. C Shigella dysenteriae
  4. D Salmonella typhi

Correct answer: Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni is microaerophilic and commonly transmitted through contaminated food. It causes inflammatory diarrhea.

Question 14 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is oxidase positive and requires X and V factors for growth?

  1. A Haemophilus influenzae
  2. B Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  3. C Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  4. D Klebsiella pneumoniae

Correct answer: Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus influenzae requires hemin (X factor) and NAD (V factor) for growth. These requirements are important for laboratory identification.

Question 15 of 20 Medium

Which non-motile Gram-negative bacterium invades colonic epithelium and causes bloody diarrhea with mucus?

  1. A Shigella dysenteriae
  2. B Salmonella typhi
  3. C Vibrio cholerae
  4. D Campylobacter jejuni

Correct answer: Shigella dysenteriae

Shigella dysenteriae invades intestinal epithelial cells and produces shiga toxin. This leads to inflammation and bloody diarrhea.

Question 16 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is a facultative intracellular pathogen commonly transmitted through unpasteurized dairy products?

  1. A Brucella species
  2. B Salmonella typhi
  3. C Shigella sonnei
  4. D Vibrio cholerae

Correct answer: Brucella species

Brucella species are facultative intracellular bacteria that infect macrophages. They cause brucellosis, often transmitted from animals.

Question 17 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is associated with plague?

  1. A Francisella tularensis
  2. B Brucella melitensis
  3. C Vibrio cholerae
  4. D Yersinia pestis

Correct answer: Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague. It is transmitted by flea bites and can cause bubonic, septicemic, or pneumonic forms.

Question 18 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is a non-lactose fermenter and produces hydrogen sulfide?

  1. A Escherichia coli
  2. B Klebsiella pneumoniae
  3. C Shigella sonnei
  4. D Salmonella typhi

Correct answer: Salmonella typhi

Salmonella typhi is a non-lactose fermenter that produces hydrogen sulfide. This results in black colonies on certain media like XLD agar.

Question 19 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium is known for causing chancroid?

  1. A Haemophilus ducreyi
  2. B Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  3. C Treponema pallidum
  4. D Chlamydia trachomatis

Correct answer: Haemophilus ducreyi

Haemophilus ducreyi causes chancroid, a sexually transmitted infection characterized by painful ulcers. It is a Gram-negative coccobacillus.

Question 20 of 20 Medium

Which Gram-negative bacterium has a bipolar 'safety pin' appearance on staining?

  1. A Yersinia pestis
  2. B Salmonella typhi
  3. C Escherichia coli
  4. D Vibrio cholerae

Correct answer: Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis shows bipolar staining, giving it a 'safety pin' appearance. This is a key diagnostic feature in microscopy.

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