Which of the following describes Rushdie's concept of 'Chutnification'?

1. The total rejection of Western cultural norms and values in favor of pre-colonial local traditions
2. The process of preserving history through a blend of facts, myths, and personal perspectives
3. A culinary movement in London started by Indian immigrant communities in the 1970s
4. The strict and literal translation of canonical English texts into Urdu

Practice all 20 Salman Rushdie questions