Marxist Criticism · English Literature

In Marxist theory, the 'Base' primarily consists of which of the following?

  1. Religious institutions and educational systems
  2. The means and relations of production
  3. Literature, art, and philosophy
  4. The legal and political system of a state
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Correct answer: The means and relations of production

The Base refers to the economic foundation of society, including resources, factories, and the class relations (like employer-employee) required to produce goods. Marxists argue that the Base ultimately determines the nature of the Superstructure.

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