Daniel Defoe · English Literature

Which of the following landmark critical ideas regarding early fiction is directly linked to Defoe's style in 'The Rise of the Novel' by Ian Watt?

  1. The dominance of courtly allegory over vernacular speech
  2. 'Formal realism'—the premise that the novel is a full, authentic report of human experience
  3. The rejection of print culture in favor of keeping oral folklore traditions alive
  4. The absolute containment of fiction within classical rules of time and place
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Correct answer: 'Formal realism'—the premise that the novel is a full, authentic report of human experience

Ian Watt coined the term 'formal realism' to describe how Defoe and his successors broke from traditional literary conventions. Instead of using generalized archetypes and idealized settings, Defoe anchored his stories in specific geographical locations, precise dates, and realistic domestic items. This technique made the fictional narrative read exactly like a real-world legal deposition or news report.

Difficulty: Medium Question 12 of 12

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