The theoretical shift from examining 'Literature *and* Cinema' to 'Literature *in* Cinema' signifies what change in academic perspective?

Correct answer: From two separate empires to literary structure and textuality embedded in cinematic form

Early adaptation studies used the conjunction 'and' to compare two separate mediums, often prioritizing literature as the older, superior art form. The shift to 'Literature in Cinema' acknowledges that film is fundamentally saturated with literary history, narrative conventions, and textuality. Rather than conducting an external comparison, modern scholars look at how cinema internalizes, reworks, and performs literary traits within its own visual language.