Ralph Waldo Emerson · English Literature

What is the primary thesis of Emerson's 1837 oration 'The American Scholar'?

  1. American universities should adopt the British curriculum
  2. Intellectuals should prioritize book-learning over physical labor
  3. American thinkers must cultivate a national identity independent of European traditions
  4. The scholar's primary duty is to preserve and transmit ancient classical languages and texts
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Correct answer: American thinkers must cultivate a national identity independent of European traditions

Often called America's 'Intellectual Declaration of Independence,' this speech urged American scholars to find inspiration in their own experiences and nature. Emerson argued against the 'courtly muses of Europe' in favor of original American thought.

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