Ecosystems · Botany

Which type of ecological succession occurs on a surface where no soil previously existed, such as a new volcanic island?

  1. Secondary succession
  2. Primary succession
  3. Climax succession
  4. Cyclic succession
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Correct answer: Primary succession

Primary succession begins in essentially lifeless areas where there is no soil. It starts with pioneer species like lichens that break down rock to help form the initial layers of soil.

Difficulty: Medium Question 8 of 20

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